Plastic Surgery A Worldwide Phenomenon - 900 Words

Plastic surgery is a worldwide phenomenon. This sensation, people are drawn to, can be either safe or immensely dangerous. Plastic surgery is defined as the process of reconstructing or repairing parts of the body, especially by the transfer of tissue. This surgery can be either in the treatment of injury or for cosmetic reasons. In many reasons, plastic surgery can be categorized as gambling. Plastic surgery is identical to gambling, due to a tremendous amount of stress, outrageous finances, and generating addiction (Rankin). Stress can be caused by many explanations, one of the being plastic surgery. Any patient who sustains surgery will have some sort of anxiety throughout the process. A great deal of patients, who undergo plastic surgery, become stressed before and after the procedure. Plastic surgery can entail a numerous amount of side effects. This causes the patient to become well aware of the defects, that may or may not happen as the outcome. Most patients, when u ndertaking plastic surgery, hope to become an improved version of theirselves. When the surgery doesn’t go as planned, patients will become even more stressed than they were in the beginning. Some patients, who undergo a trauma and need plastic surgery, have Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder, after the surgery has gone wrong. The PTSD, found in patients, can be overwhelming and create anxiety or depression (Sousa). Plastic surgery imperfections can last a lifetime, in which can produce lifelongShow MoreRelatedWomen and Cosmetic Surgeires Essay1358 Words   |  6 PagesPlastic surgery, a newly developed industry worldwide, has made both positive and negative impacts in people’s daily life. As the economic boost, people no longer have to spend 90 percent of their income on food, instead they do investment on land property, luxury goods that can hedging or even make money after an investment cycle. The boost economy also drives the media industry grow rapidly which urgi ng a group of super models and fashion actresses well-known among people especially female groupRead MoreThe Korean Wave1765 Words   |  8 PagesTrending Worldwide: Korean Wave Rosanna Danica B. Maguad TRENDING WORLDWIDE: KOREAN WAVE Unlike in the past, Philippine Media is now a combination of various Asian entertainments. It imports TV series and movies from neighboring Asian countries. Imported movies are then dubbed in Filipino and streamed in our country. ABS-CBN, one of the top TV stations in the country, started to explore foreign TV series last 2003. This was â€Å"Meteor Garden,† a Taiwanese drama series. Because of the boom of theRead MoreEssay about Beauty and Perfection in Today ´s Society692 Words   |  3 Pagesthinner than the average woman. Today, that number has risen to 23%† (Derenne 259). Making the 70s the beginning of the â€Å"me generation† – an era that saw many bouts of plastic (Klein 39) surgery in an attempt to fit a certain mold of unattainable physicality (Mulvey 165). Extremely high amounts of money were spent on plastic surgery because the image that was being portrayed in the media was not able to be attained naturally. Not only was the extremely skinny figure trying to be achieved, but alsoRead MoreBody Art and Ornamentation Essays1569 Words   |  7 PagesCultural Anthropology ANT101 July 28, 2013 There is no culture in which people do not, or did not paint, pierce, tattoo, reshape, or simply adorn their bodies (Schildkrout, 2001). Throughout history, body art and ornamentation has become a worldwide phenomenon and has played a key role in our lives, yet there is a social stigma which we cannot seem to rid ourselves of. It is most commonly misunderstood and misinterpreted which can be attributed to the fact that the symbolism and significance of theRead MoreCell Signaling Essay1583 Words   |  7 Pagesthe key advances/ problems relaying to treatment for the diseases. Understanding the background information and how much breast cancer affects people in their day-to-day lives is important. Breast cancer affects more than 1.7 million families worldwide. In non-industrialized countries, breast cancer is the leading cause of cancer death for woman. In relation to the United States, it falls second to the lung cancer as the leading cause of cancer. In this comparison, breast cancer is one of the mostRead MoreCosmetic Surgery : An Increase Worldwide Trend3793 Words   |  16 PagesCosmetic surgery is an increasing worldwide trend amongst a significant number of adults in the 21st century. As technology advances more rapidly than ever, the opportunity for people to undergo surgery enabling them to look younger and healthier becomes more readily accessible to the masses. From the more common Botox treatments to breast augmentation surgeries and rhinoplasties, every year up to 15 million people around the world have opted to undergo certain cosmetic proc edures in order to enhanceRead MoreThe Human Eye Is A Perfect Well Designed Optical System2522 Words   |  11 Pagesnumber of significant improvements and developments since its existence (Schaeffer, 2011). According to Centers For Disease Control And Prevention, the first plastic contact lenses were produced between 1938-1940 in the United States and the first soft lenses came later in the 70s. Keywords: Contact lenses, glasses, cornea, astigmatism, eye surgery. â€Æ' Introduction The human eye is a perfect well-designed optical system. However, such a system does not lack flaws (DiGirolamo, 2011) and can be easilyRead More Michael Jackson Essay1427 Words   |  6 Pagesvocal styling on James Brown, and portrayed an absolute self-confidence on stage that belied his shy, private personality. Throughout his life the media has dissected his personality and projected his image on a worldwide screen. The progression of his image has been a fascinating phenomenon, and his current taboo image is still looked at through the eyes of the media microscope. Jason Cowley says, â€Å"his face is no longer a face but a canvas on which is etched an image of endlessly elusive self-perfectionRead MoreThe War Of A Forest Fire1380 Words   |  6 Pagesbrings new epidemics and pandemics to our world. Recent studies have showed that because of population increase there has been new diseases emerging( ). Also because of shortages in food, malnutrition affects the lives of 3.7 billion people worldwide, which makes them more vulnerable to diseases. Overpopulation exacerbates many social and environmental factors, including overcrowded living conditions, pollution, malnutrition and inadequate or non-existent health care, which wreak havoc on theRead MoreThe Influence of Celebrities Essay1128 Words   |  5 Pagesachieved success in one or multiple aspects of their lives. As a result, these individuals have drawn in publicity and fame. Over the years with the advances in media and other forms of communication, celebrities have become topics of discussion worldwide, rather if it’s at school, with colleagues or at the dinner table, it is fair to say that celebrities live their lives in a manner, which influences everyday people. The chances of meeting someone who has never been influenced by a celebrity

Analysis Of Atul Gawande s Being Mortal - 854 Words

Family Matters The relationships that are created with others define who we are as individuals, but the relationships we form with our family are unparalleled to that of any other. Family members are the people we count on in times of need and help make decisions that are in our best interest. Atul Gawande’s Being Mortal focuses on patients and their end of life care. On a visit to Lou Sanders, Gawande asked, â€Å"What makes life worth living to you?† and Lou hesitated before answering, â€Å"I have moments when I would say I think it’s time, maybe one of the days when I was at a low point†¦Ã¢â‚¬  As people near death, they have this innate fear of dying where they may want to have every intervention possible. However, patients nearing the end of their life due to medical issues often have clouded judgment and may not be in a position to determine what step they want to take next or may even be a minor, legally unable to make decisions. In any case, family members or a guardian of the patient should be responsible for making end of life decisions for the patient. Cancer is a disease no one ever wants to have, let alone stage IV cancer. The National Cancer Institute classifies stage IV metastatic cancer as cancer that has spread to distant tissues or organs. Stage IV lung cancer patients, as described by the American Cancer Society, have a low prognosis and a five-year relative survival rate of one percent after diagnosis. Gawande shares the story of Sara Thomas Monopoli, age 34,Show MoreRelatedAnalysis Of Atul Gawande s Being Mortal1211 Words   |  5 Pagesthe prospect of death with patients. In Atul Gawande’s Being Mortal, Gawande delves into what really matters as life comes to an end, new ways of helping the elderly enjoy their waning days, and the role of doctors and medicine in curing diseases and dealing with patients. Sheri Fink, a reporter for the New York Times, reviewed this book on November 6, 2014 for The New York Times Sunday Book Review in â€Å"Atul Gawande’s ‘Being Mortal’†. She thinks Being Mortal is a â€Å"valuable contribution to the growing

Nice Guys Always Finish Last Free Essays

Nice guys is a term in the popular culture and general public discourse describing a male, young or adult, with friendly yet unassertive personality traits in the context of a relationship with a woman. Nice guy is said to be who puts their interest aside and out others first, avoids confrontation, does favors, gives emotional support, tried to stay out of trouble and generally be nice towards women. Although many people would agree with the generalization of â€Å"nice guys always finish last† I would disagree and side with nice guys because bad guys may get the girls and sleep around but in the end of the day they end up with the nice guy. We will write a custom essay sample on Nice Guys Always Finish Last or any similar topic only for you Order Now There is a discrepancy between preference and the actual action of women in choices in men. They say that they want â€Å"nice guys† but in reality, they go for â€Å"bad boys† or â€Å"jerks† in the end. Stephan Desrochers claims, in a 1995 article in the journal Sex Roles, that many â€Å"sensitive† men, based on personal experience, do not believe women actually want â€Å"nice guys†. Desrochers, 1995). And Urbaniak Kilmann write that, â€Å"Although women often portray themselves as wanting to date kind, sensitive, and emotionally expressive men, the nice guy stereotype contends that, when actually presented with a choice between such a ‘nice guy’ and an unkind, insensitive, emotionally-closed, ‘macho man’ or ‘jerk,’ they invariably reject the nice guy in favor of his ‘so-called’ macho competitor. † (Urbaniak Kilmann, 2003). They all both say that what they want and what they actually do is totally different. Women say they want â€Å"nice guys† but they want nice guys to be attractive, well built but those guys are either taken or jerks. Then they go for the jerks, who are attractive and challenge themselves to make them to become nice guys but that rarely happens. Nice guys do not always finish last. The difference is how one defines or take word â€Å"last† as. Bad boys or jerks do always get the girls because they know the game and most of them are attractive in different ways but when one looks at long-term, many can see that women tend to choose nice guys. Herold and Milhausen claim that â€Å"while ‘nice guys’ may not be competitive in terms of numbers of sexual partners, they tend to be more successful with respect to longer-term, committed relationships. † (Herold Milhausen, 1999). No women wants to be treated badly or be used and that what bad boys or jerks do. Thats is why they prefer nice guys and be will to go out on second date or go in a relationship with them. McDaniel constructed vignettes of dates with a stereotypical â€Å"nice guy† vs. a stereotypical â€Å"fun/sexy guy,† and attempted to make them both sound positive. Participants reported a greater likelihood of wanting a second date with the â€Å"nice guy† rather than with the â€Å"fun/sexy guy. † (McDaniel, 2005). People may think that nice guys finish last but for to them the â€Å"last† is the goal for the women. The women may take a detour but most of them reach the goal to the nice guy. It is like the story of the rabbit and the tortoise, the rabbit is the jerk and tortoise the nice guy. My best friend is a bad boy who gets all the girls he wants and I was always the nice guy. He always told me to be like him but I could not and never be someone who I am not and comfortable with. I always thought that generalization was true until recently but not anymore. It took me three years but I am finally in a relationship and I am happy. From past to present, the women’s preference has not changed and that means something. Women do and always will desire nice guys because they care and think about them. Thats is what women is looking for at the end of the day. Nice guys does not finish, they finish first. How to cite Nice Guys Always Finish Last, Papers

Wireless Networking Concept for Data Encryption- myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theWireless Networking Concept for Data Encryption Standard. Answer: Overall Interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMax) is alluded as the conveyance of the administrations to the long remote broadband access. It gives point-to-point and additionally multipoint applications (Bernardos et al., 2014). Then again, it is empowered for upgrading security of the system at the season of transmission to the last mile. What's more, WiMax uses three sorts of information encryption norms keeping in mind the end goal to ensure information and also data. The information encryption standard used by WiMx can be clarified as taken after. Triple DES It has proposed to supplant unique Data Encryption Standard calculation that is figured by the programmers toward the end for making sense of the strategy to vanquish in easily. Triple DES has recommended the standard and the for the most part utilized symmetric calculation in the business (Choochaisri et al, 2017). It utilizes three individual keys with 56 bits each. Furthermore, the total key length is measured as 168 bits. Then again, experts have battled that there are 112 bits are incorporated into 112 bits in the key quality that is more like the procedure. AES The Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) is perceived as the calculation that is trusted as the standard by the Government of USA and in addition a few associations. Regardless of the specific certainty, it is an awesome degree, which is capable in 128 piece outline arrange. What's more, the Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) utilizes the keys of 192 and also 256 bits for the significant commitment encryption purposes. AES is seen as making impervious to the ambushes, which is with the exception of influencing savage to control. It attempts to make unravel messages utilizing each of the single and possible mix in 128, 192 and also 256 piece. RSA RSA is considered as the open key encryption calculation and the standard to scramble data that is sent over the web. It by and large happens on various methodologies that are utilized as the piece of PGP and in addition GPG programs. Then again, it is not at all like the triple DE and RSA that are seen as lopsided calculation as the utilization of the keys are incorporated into this. It is imperative to distinguish the most vital WPAN innovations that are Bluetooth and additionally Zigbee. Likewise, there are a few security challenges in Bluetooth gadgets and also innovation at display utilizations (Fontes et al., 2017). Then again, it is imperative to specify that there are a few assaults against the privacy and in addition trustworthiness of information. In addition, Bluetooth does not give compelling client confirmation. Approval of the Bluetooth gadgets can't be accomplished, which can cause unequivocal conduct of the associated gadgets. In this viewpoint, it is vital to say that there is a huge risk for DoS assaults on the Bluetooth gadgets at the season of transmission of information and in addition data. It can be malignant section of the outside gatherings at the season of transmission technique of information. In any case, delicate information may be harmed and in addition adulterated at the season of remote transmission. Bluesnarfing is one of the dangers engaged with the innovation that can enable the aggressors keeping in mind the end goal to build the use of the gadgets that are Bluetooth empowered. Furthermore, it looks for IMEI number of the Bluetooth gadgets and additionally getting associated through the strategy. ZigBee is one of the remote correspondence with low power and additionally low rate expects to give cryptographic keys for security (Huang et al, 2013). The specific connection is set up between the gadgets and kept up through security convention of ZigBee. Moreover, there are odds of physical assaults on ZigBee radio identified with the recurrence rupture. Along these lines, the information packers are gathered at the season of remote correspondence, which can be broken in the system. First article: Shaikh, Faisal Karim, and Sherali Zeadally. "Energy harvesting in wireless sensor networks: A comprehensive review." Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 55 (2016): 1041-1054. The paper talks about with the way toward utilizing of vitality in Wireless Sensor Network. The system incorporates an extensive number of static sensor hubs, which aids the low handling. Furthermore, there are a few wellsprings of vitality incorporating into Wireless Sensor Network and radio recurrence based vitality engaged with the system. Alongside these, sun powered based vitality and additionally warm based vitality and stream based vitality reaping is incorporated into the strategy (Rault, Bouabdallah Challal, 2014). There are additionally a few methodologies portrayed in the present paper with the end goal of utilizing vitality adequately. Then again, the vitality gathering from unmistakable sources, which can make harms biological adjust of nature. Then again, reaping from unmistakable sources can cause exhaustion of the assets in the particular condition. In any case, there are durable gadgets that can expend more battery and also causes vitality depleting. It is critical to make vitality proficient solid frameworks, which can give focal points to the specific clients as ultra-vitality productive sensors. Keeping in mind the end goal to defeat the fundamental constraints, plan and also improvement of proficient and in addition elite vitality reaping frameworks for Wireless Sensor Networks. Second article: Ulukus, Sennur, et al. "Energy harvesting wireless communications: A review of recent advances." IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications 33.3 (2015): 360-381. In the specific article, there are dialogs about new advances actualized during the time spent vitality gathering area. There are new progressions in vitality reaping, which can be changed for conventional situation of vitality gathering. Notwithstanding, the compelling usage of the cutting edge strategy in the handling of vitality reaping. It has expanded beginning expenses of a few vitality sources alongside exhaustion of regular sources (Tunca et al., 2014). There are a few conditions and in addition hypotheses identified with the procedure have been talked about in the present paper, which utilizes the standard idea of the vitality gathering and also changing over it into the cutting edge innovation. Likewise, giving vitality to the way toward gathering ability to the remote sensor gadgets to the hubs that can be constantly obtain vitality from the nature and man-made situation. It swings to give promising future to the remote systems and also self-manageability of alongside the virtual operation with the system. References Bernardos, C. J., De La Oliva, A., Serrano, P., Banchs, A., Contreras, L. M., Jin, H., Ziga, J. C. (2014). An architecture for software defined wireless networking.IEEE wireless communications,21(3), 52-61. Choochaisri, S., Apicharttrisorn, K., Intanagonwiwat, C. (2017). Stable Desynchronization for Wireless Sensor Networks:(I) Concepts and Algorithms. arXiv preprint arXiv:1704.07002. Fontes, R. D. R., Mahfoudi, M., Dabbous, W., Turletti, T., Rothenberg, C. (2017). How Far Can We Go? Towards Realistic Software-Defined Wireless Networking Experiments.The Computer Journal, 1-14. Huang, P., Xiao, L., Soltani, S., Mutka, M. W., Xi, N. (2013). The evolution of MAC protocols in wireless sensor networks: A survey.IEEE communications surveys tutorials,15(1), 101-120. Rault, T., Bouabdallah, A., Challal, Y. (2014). Energy efficiency in wireless sensor networks: A top-down survey.Computer Networks,67, 104-122. Tunca, C., Isik, S., Donmez, M. Y., Ersoy, C. (2014). Distributed mobile sink routing for wireless sensor networks: A survey.IEEE communications surveys tutorials,16(2), 877-897.

Soldier Debut Albums and Girls free essay sample

There is a picture which shows him among his fraternity brothers, all of them wearing exactly the same height and style collar. He enlisted In the Marines in 1917 and did not return to the United States until the second division returned from the Rhine in the summer of 1919. There Is a picture which shows him on the Rhine with two German girls and another corporal. Krebs and the corporal look too big for their uniforms.The German girls are not beautiful. The Rhine does not show In the picture. By the time Krebs returned to his home town In Oklahoma the greeting of heroes was over. He came back much too late. The men from the town who had been drafted had all been welcomed elaborately on their return. There had been a great deal of hysteria. Now the reaction had set In. People seemed to think It was rather ridiculous for Krebs to be getting back so late, years after the war was over. We will write a custom essay sample on Soldier: Debut Albums and Girls or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page At first Krebs, who had been at Bellevue Wood, Caissons, the Champagne, SST. Millie and in the Argonne did not want to talk about the war at all. Later he felt the need to talk but no one wanted to hear about it. His town had heard too many atrocity stories to be thrilled by actualities. Krebs found that to be listened to at all he had to lie and after he had done this twice he, too, had a reaction against the war and against talking about it. A distaste for everything that had happened to him in the war set in because of the lies he had told.All of the times that had been able to make him feel cool and clear inside himself when he thought of them; the times so long back when he had done the one thing, the only thing for a man to do, easily and naturally, when he might have done something else, now lost their cool, valuable quality and then were lost themselves. His lies were quite unimportant lies and consisted in attributing to himself things other men had seen, done or heard of, and stating as facts certain apocryphal incidents familiar to all soldiers. Even his lies were not sensational at the pool room.His acquaintances, who had heard detailed accounts of German women found chained to m achine guns in the Argonne and who could not comprehend, or were barred by their patriotism from interest in, any German machine gunners who were not chained, were not thrilled by his stories. Krebs acquired the nausea in regard to experience that is the result of untruth or exaggeration, and when he occasionally met another man who had really been a soldier and the talked a few minutes In the dressing room at a dance he fell Into the easy pose of the old soldier among other soldiers: that he had been badly, sickeningly frightened all the time.In this way he lost everything. During this time, It was late summer, he was sleeping late In bed, getting up to walk down town to the library to get a book, eating lunch at home, reading on the front porch until he became bored and then walking down through the town to spend the hottest hours of the day In the cool dark of the pool room. He loved to play pool. In the evening he practiced on his clarinet, strolled down town, read and went to bed. He was still a hero to his two young sisters. His mother would have given him breakfast in bed if he had wanted it. She often came in when he was in bed and asked him to tell her about the war, but her attention always wandered. His father was non-committal. Before His father was in the real estate business and always wanted the car to be at his command when he required it to take clients out into the country to show them a piece of farm property. The car always stood outside the First National Bank building here his father had an office on the second floor. Now, after the war, it was still the same car. Nothing was changed in the town except that the young girls had grown up.But they lived in such a complicated world of already defined alliances and shifting feuds that Krebs did not feel the energy or the courage to break into it. He liked to look at them, though. There were so many good-looking young girls. Most of them had their hair cut short. When he went away only little girls wore their hair like that or girls that were fast. They all wore sweaters and shirt waists with round Dutch collars. It was a tatter. He liked to look at them from the front porch as they walked on the other side of the street. He liked to watch them walking under the shade of the trees.He liked the round Dutch collars above their sweaters. He liked their silk stockings and flat shoes. He liked their bobbed hair and the way they walked. When he was in town their appeal to him was not very strong. He did not like them when he saw them in the Greeks ice cream parlor. He did not want them themselves really. They were too complicated. There was something else. Vaguely he wanted a girl but he did not want to have to work to get her. He would have liked to have a girl but he did not want to have to spend a long time getting her. He did not want to get into the intrigue and the politics.He did not want to have to do any courting. He did not want to tell any more lies. It wasnt worth it. He did not want any consequences. He did not want any consequences ever again. He wanted to live along without consequences. Besides he did not really need a girl. The army had taught him that. It was all right to pose as though you had to have a girl. Nearly everybody did that. But it wasnt true. You did not need a girl. That was the funny thing. First a fellow boasted how girls mean nothing to him, that he never thought of them, that they could not touch him.Then a fellow boasted that he could not get along without girls, that he had to have them all the time, that he could not go to sleep without them. That was all a lie. It was all a lie both ways. You did not need a girl unless you thought about them. He learned that in the army. Then sooner or later you always got one. When you were really ripe for a girl you always got one. You did not have to think about it. Sooner or later it could come. He had learned that in the army. Now he would have liked a girl if she had come to him and not wanted to talk. But here at home it was all too complicated.He knew he could never get through it all again. It was not worth the trouble. That was the thing about French girls and German girls. There was not all this talking. You couldnt talk much and you did not need to talk. It was simple and you were friends. He thought about France and then he began to think about Germany. On the whole he had liked Germany better. He did not want to leave Germany. He did not want to come home. Still, he had come home. He sat on the front porch. He liked the girls that ere walking along the other side of the street. He liked the look of them much better than the French girls or the German girls.But the world they were in was not the world he was in. He would like to have one of them. But it was not worth it. They were all the talking. He did not want one badly enough. He liked to look at them all, though. It was not worth it. Not now when things were getting good again. He sat there on the porch reading a book on the war. It was a history and he was reading about all the engagements he had been in. It was the most interesting reading he had ever done. He wished there were more maps. He looked forward with a good feeling to reading all the really good histories when they would come out with good detail maps.Now he was really learning about the war. He had been a good soldier. That made a difference. One morning after he had been home about a month his mother came into his bedroom and sat on the bed. She smoothed her apron. l had a talk with your father last night, Harold, she said, and he is willing for you to take the car out in the evenings. Yeah? said Krebs, who was not fully awake. Take the car out? Yeah? Yes. Your father has felt for some time that you should be able to take the car out in the evenings whenever you wished but we only talked it over last night. Ill bet you made him, Krebs said. No. It was your fathers suggestion that we talk the matter over. Yeah. Ill bet you made him, Krebs sat up in bed. Will you come down to breakfast, Harold? his mother said. As soon as I get my clothes on, Krebs said. His mother went out of the room and he could hear her frying something downstairs while he washed, shaved and dressed to go down into the dining-room for breakfast. While he was eating breakfast, his sister brought in the mail. Well, Hare, she said. You old sleepy-head. What do you ever get up for? Krebs looked at her. He liked her.She was his best sister. Have you got the paper? he asked. She handed him The Kansas City Star and he shucked off its brown wrapper and opened it to the sporting page. He folded The Star open and propped it against the water pitcher with his cereal dish to steady it, so he could read while he ate. Harold, his mother stood in the kitchen doorway, Harold, please dont muss up the paper. Your father cant read his Star if its been mussed. l wont muss it, Krebs said. His sister sat down at the table and watched him while he read. Were playing indoor over at school this afternoon, she said. Im going to pitch. Good, said Krebs. Hows the old wing? l can pitch better than lots of the boys. I tell them all you taught me. The other girls arent much good. Yeah? said Krebs. l tell them all youre my beau. Arent you my beau, Hare? You bet. Couldnt your brother really be your beau Just because hes your brother? l dont know. Sure you know. Couldnt you be my beau, Hare, if I was old enough and if you wanted to? Sure. Youre my girl now. Am I really your girl? Sure. Do you love me? Uh, huh. Do you love me always? Sure. Will you come over and watch me play indoor? Maybe. Awe, Hare, you dont love me. If you loved me, youd want to come over and watch me play indoor. Grebes mother came into the dining-room from the kitchen. She carried a plate with two fried eggs and some crisp bacon on it and a plate of buckwheat cakes. You run along, Helen, she said. l want to talk to Harold. She put the eggs and bacon down in front of him and brought in a Jug of maple syrup for the buckwheat cakes. Then she sat down across the table from Krebs. I wish youd put down the paper a minute, Harold, she said. T, Harold? his mother said, taking off her glasses. No, said Krebs. Dont you think its about time? His mother did not say this in a mean way. She seemed worried. l hadnt thought about it, Krebs said. God has some work for every one to do, his mother said. There can be no idle hands in His Kingdom. Im not in His Kingdom, Krebs said. We are all of us in His Kingdom. Krebs felt embarrassed and resentful as always. Ive worried about you too much, Harold, his mother went on. l know the temptations you must have been exposed to. I know how weak men are.I know what our own dear grandfather, my own father, told us about the Civil War and I have prayed for you. I pray for you all day long, Harold. Krebs looked at the bacon fat hardening on his plate. Your father is worried, too, his mother went on. He thinks you have lost your ambition, that you havent got a definite aim in life. Charley Simmons, who is Just your age, has a good Job and is going to be married. The boys are all settling down; theyre all determined to get somewhere; you can see that boys like Charley Simmons are on their way to being really a credit to the community. Krebs said nothing.Dont look that way, Harold, his mother said. You know we love you and I want to tell you for your own good how matters stand. Your father does not want to hamper your freedom. He thinks you should be allowed to drive the car. If you want to take some of the nice girls out riding with you, we are only too pleased. We want you to enjoy yourself. But you are going to have to settle down to work, Harold. Your father doesnt care what you start in at. All work is honorable as he says. But youve got to make a start at something. He asked me to speak to you this morning and then you can stop in and see him at his office. Is that all? Krebs said. Yes. Dont you love your mother dear boy? No, Krebs said. His mother looked at him across the table. Her eyes were shiny. She started crying. l dont love anybody, Krebs said. It wasnt any good. He couldnt tell her, he couldnt make her see it. It was silly to have said it. He had only hurt her. He went over and took hold of her arm. She was crying with her head in her hands. l didnt mean it, he said. l was Just angry at something. I didnt mean I didnt love you. His mother went on crying. Krebs put his arm on her shoulder. Cant you believe me, mother?His mother shook her head. Please, please, mother. Please believe me. All right, his mother said cockily. She looked up at him. l believe you, Harold. Krebs kissed her hair. She put her face up to him. Im your mother, she said. l held you next to my heart when you were a tiny baby. Krebs felt sick and vaguely nauseated. l know, Mummy, he said. Ill try and be a good boy for you. Would you kneel and pray with me, Harold? his mother asked. They knelt down beside the dining-room table and Grebes mother prayed. Now, you pray, Harold, she said. l cant, Krebs said. Try, Harold. L cant. Do you want me to pray for you? Yes. So his mother prayed for him and then they stood up and Krebs kissed his mother and went out of the house. He had tried so to keep his life from being complicated. Still, none of it had touched him. He had felt sorry for his mother and she had made him lie. He would go to Kansas City and get a Job and she would feel all right about it. There would be one more scene maybe before he got away. He would not go down to his fathers office. He would miss that one. He wanted his life to would go over to the schoolyard and watch Helen play indoor baseball.

Social Categorisation and Social Construction Theories and Their Understanding of Identity Essay Example

Social Categorisation and Social Construction Theories and Their Understanding of Identity Essay Example Social Categorisation and Social Construction Theories and Their Understanding of Identity Essay Social Categorisation and Social Construction Theories and Their Understanding of Identity Essay Social categorisation and Social Construction theories and their understanding of identity. It is through social interactions that have put people to act and react implication to others. Due to the social interactions we learn what is acceptable and what is not. Over time these rules become internalised within us and eventually become an unconscious part of our lives and our identity.Social identity theory asserts that group membership creates in group self-categorisation and enhancement in ways that favour the in group at the expense of the out-group and associating with a group even under minimal circumstances is enough to create in group out-group hostility. I will explore the effects of the contact theory or intergroup behaviour. It is also the aim of this essay to explain what is meant by the term social construction and social categorisation and how these two theories have further to our understanding of identity.Social categorisation is viewed as a perception cognition or beha viour that is influenced by peoples recognition that day and other are members of distinct social groups. Relations between social groups can have far reaching and persuasive effects on the behaviour of member of these groups, effects that go well and beyond situations of face-to-face intergroup encounters. Social construction his used to describe how we as humans understand how the world is conscripted in and through social relations there are many different ways of understanding the same issue, rather than they had been an objective reality.Our behaviour is regulated by guidelines, which make everyday life predictable and understandable causing us to behave in a certain way the way that is seen as the norm. Housework provides a good example of the social construction being seen as the norm in Western societies many people thought that it was natural for women to be whipped rather than men to do all the housework. (Phoenix, 2002). It seemed natural because that was what usually hap pened and continued for as long as people remembered.The next sample of a construction was taken from natural because it had been the excepted pattern for a long time it wasnt until the feminist viewpoint argued for equality for women, that the idea was that it is not natural for women to do all the housework that another construction developed. Tajfel devised an intriguing paradigm to exploring the effects of intergroup behaviour using minimal effects (Tajfel, 1982). Two random groups of children were made, but allegedly on the basis of their express preference for paintings by two different artists.The children only knew the group table in with the identity of out-group and fellow in group members concealed. The result showed the children strongly favoured their own group they adopted the in group favouritism strategy despite such minimal effects and how this was created on the basis of a flimsy criteria. The robust finding from hundreds of minimal group experiments conducted is t hat the mere fact of being categorised as the group members seems to be necessary to produce ethnocentrism and competitive intra group behaviour.Social identity phenomena are motivated by two underlying processes self enhancement and uncertainty reduction. One of the key premises of the social identity approach is that group stand in status and pressed each relation to one another some groups are simply more prestigious and higher status than other. Jane Elliott, made a short movie called the eye of the storm, of a classroom demonstration in which he divided her class of very young children into those with blue and those with brown eyes. For one day the brown eyes, and then for one day the blue eyes were assigned inferior status, hence they were ridiculed, denied privileges.In a follow-up study of the students when they were 18, Elliot found that they reported themselves as being more tolerant of differences between groups and actively opposed to prejudice. Wright (1997) and his col leagues suggested that intergroup friendship between others if my friend John has close out group of friends then maybe the out-group isnt quite as bad as I thought. When people are separated they are likely to experienced hostility, resulting in failure to understand the reason for their actions. Lack of contact means theres no way of checking out interpretations of others.Bringing people into contact with each other should make them seem more familiar, and at least offer the possibility that negative cycle can be interrupted and even reversed. We have seen that by just allocating individuals to groups can create prejudice for and against individuals. Prejudice allow self-esteem to be enhanced by belonging to the positive group, creating hostility to others seen as inferior, for no reason other than that individuals are allocated social categories. Individuals also advocate themselves to a groups of higher social standing using social mobility e. g. hrough promotion in employment, leaving behind what was seen as being inferior. In social construction, language is a powerful tool, used to justify particular perspective, an example of the unused is that of (Potter and Wetherell,1987) which illustrates this whether we call someone a freedom fighter or a terrorist, the two terms can refer to the same person in each constructs a different way of viewing that person and the world. Social construction is an idea which may appear to be natural and obvious to those who accept it, but in reality it is an invention of a particular culture or society.The social constructionist approach allows us to change our identity throughout our lives, as Gergen’s did when he was forced to eventually to use a computer instead of a pen. As we have seen social constructionist is concerned with how we use categories to structure our experience of the world they believe that the way we understand the world are not natural, but are constructed between people in everyday social inte ractions, that identity is fluid and changing from one social situation to another.Social constructionist Kiwis reject the notion that people have one core identity that is the centre of who they are. Instead they suggest that people have many different identities, and that these are de-centred because they always operative in relation to other identities. We have seen that identities are not fixed, but are fluid, complex and diverse. There is the interrelationship between the social and personal identities which are constantly contradicting and competing, opening up opportunities for diversity. Individuals to have multiple identities which can do change throughout their life.People can often categorise themselves into different groups, they can choose to adopt their identities to the group they want to belong. People are constantly changing and adopting new identities to suit themselves, adapting and enhancing their self-esteem, which makes us uniquely human and different from othe r animals. Evidence has shown that contact and education causes people to recognise that they are in face a great deal more similar than they had initially thought which helps us better understand intergroup behaviours and ways of resolving a negative prototype perception of the out-group.Final word count – 1065 References. * Open University Part two Scenario 1 Question 1 This study is not consistent with the guidelines. Whenever varies possible consent of the child has to be obtained. Parents’ consent is required for disclosure of confidential information, and in this case the investigator must receive approval from ethics committee. Special safeguarding procedures are required with children. In United Kingdom a researcher requires a CRB.Children should be given as much opportunity is possible to be explained the nature, purpose and anticipated of taking part, and also be made aware of right to withdraw. Consent is to be asked throughout experiment not just in the beg inning, children should feel comfortable. It is advised to refrain from research based upon observation of public behaviour to those situations in which persons being studied might expect to be it cant be said that children would think they would be as they are young.Question 2 In studying childrens play behaviour, it would be wise to contact a local preschool teacher and get consent approval not only from the teacher but also the parents and children, as well approval from ethics committee. Importantly a CRB would be required. After consent has been granted, and all parties have been briefed and given the okay to video record and observe the research would be carried out on a daily basis recording the children in their natural environment over a period of time.On a regular basis right to withdraw would be reminded, and an assurance that everybody is comfortable. The children would be recorded throughout the day whilst they are engaging in playtime to see how they interact with one another. In this environment if anything gets out of hand, the teacher is present and therefore the investigator does not need to get involved, or refrain from resulting in putting anybody in danger. Scenario 2 Question 1 She could have asked the group of people for their consent to participate in the experiment.Make them aware of the nature, purpose and anticipation and their right to withdraw. Keep an adequate record of when, and how and from whom consent was obtained. Ask if they wish to disclose their identity or remain anonymous. She should ask for permission to record the participants. Verify they are competent and are not under the age of 16 otherwise permission from a parent or guardian may be required. Question 2 The researcher might have to be careful if the participant has asked to remain anonymous and be careful whilst quoting as it may threaten to reveal their identity.Another reason might be that the participant never gave consent to be recorded and or quoted which is against the ethics as consent is required, or participant may have withdrawn therefore evidence needs to be destroyed. Question 3 The researcher could make a semi structured interview, and that includes eating disorder questions and other topics to prevent realisation. In this form they can try to find young students who would be willing to participate, and be told their opinion is required on various topics.They would be asked permission for audio recording, and quoting, also debriefed and told of their right to withdraw, and whether or not they like to remain anonymous. Perhaps once the data has been compiled they can be told of the full intentions of the experiment, as the specifics of finding opinions towards eating disorders, and then to be again asked whether or not they would like to withdraw, if they do so the data has to be destroyed. Scenario 3 Question 1The most relevant is the ethical principle respect, because in this section it asked to respect cultural, religious, and race therefore that relates to the experiment as it is based on religious identity. It is an opinionated questionnaire and this ethics principal asked to respect participant’s knowledge, insight, experience and expertise. As this experiment will be recorded this principle also states that the proper procedure in regards with audio recording, and in regards with consent, right to withdraw.The participant isnt clearly told that opinion is only needed on subject rather than a number of, this section states that withholding information from clients is only exceptional to preserve the integrity of research, and this was the case it was to reduce sociably desirable responses. Question 2 I would rather gather a random group of young teens and inform them that their valuable opinion is required regarding several topics. They would be debriefed with the experiment, asked whether or not they wish to withhold their identity, consent would be needed regarding audio recording and quoting participants.Their rights to withdraw would also be made clear. They would be reassured this is not a test. Question 3 I would fully provide my intentions behind the experiment, that it was a focus topic I was researching on. I would give this additional information because I would have gotten answers from the participant without a cofounding variable, then knowing the intentions behind it, and to avoid any further deception I would make my intentions known, and gives them the right to withdraw if they wish, and if they do so I would then destroy any gathered data including audio recordings.

Manufacturing Systems and Quality Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words - 1

Manufacturing Systems and Quality - Coursework Example otal productive maintenance are some of the management concepts that serve to be very useful in developing efficient mechanisms for the modern manufacturing systems. The text discusses how this concepts have been used in modern industrial practice to run industrial systems for best efficiency and production with minimal cost. Most manufacturing companies have the goal of trying to ensure that they produce the best products for their customers at the cheapest value possible while at the same time ensuring they use the least amount of resources and time. This has led to the development of theory used in running such manufacturing plants based on various principles of efficiency. The difference in the approach and the target goals of this theories is what differentiates the different systems of management. In this text, modern manufacturing management systems have been addressed from theory to a sample solutions point of view.The aim is to provide enlightenment on how the processes are implemented. Lean is a manufacturing principle derived from the Japanese Manufacturing Industries which implies maximizing customer value by reducing the amount of waste created from a manufacturing session of a product. Any potential product or service pf the process that can be paid for by the customer is considered as having value hence utilized accordingly to generate profit. The method involves using the minimum inventory to generate the highest amount of through put. The process entirely relies on reducing the wastes during manufacturing to improve quality, reduce time of production and increase the profit returns form the work. The system uses a method where each part of the production line is examined immediately after manufacture such that a defect in the production line is corrected before affecting other products (DENNIS, 2007). Lean thinking allows the management to focus on optimizing the manufacture of products from a value stream that horizontally incorporates

Jets Use of Social Media Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Jets Use of Social Media - Essay Example This study highlights that Jet is selling itself as a company where laundry products are available to pocket friendly prices, with increased convenience since they offer free delivery services for sales that exceed $35. Consequently, its attempt to reach social media users is strategic to creating a large customer base who value price and convenience. A close monitor of its activity in terms of posts made on these websites over the past month reveals completely no posts on LinkedIn and Facebook, but with 2145 and 133 on Twitter and Instagram respectively. The reason as to why no posts were made on the first two sites is probably because the company continues to ride on a post previously posted and which had gone viral for the better part of the duration under investigation.  On Instagram, a mind blowing Jet TV advertisement, a commercial post received nearly 130 likes from users. Note that the page has 133 followers, which implies that nearly every follower, about 99 percent, liked the TV ad.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  According to the essay findings the company’s activity on social media is still below par, which necessitates for increased engagement in order to amass more followers that in turn would create more awareness about its products. Advancements in technology have revolutionized the world of business marketing practices, with increased number of consumers spending most of their time on social media websites, making such the ideal places of reaching them, as opposed to television and radio sources.         Ã‚  

A review of the literature exploring the user of NIV to treat Dissertation

A review of the literature exploring the user of NIV to treat exacerbation of COPD - Dissertation Example The main objective of this paper is to review what has been found by various studies on the survival challenges, quality of life and the compliance to NIV therapy by the users. Also, the paper will review literature on the effectiveness of the NIV treatment. Challenges on survival, Quality of life and compliance to NIV therapy According to the studies by Massimo, et al (2012, pp747), it was gathered that there are indications of early NIV positive pressure ventilation, which tend to increase the rate of survival. This was made in comparison with NIPPV. As such, NIV acts as a relief from challenges relating to survival rate in patients with high level of CO2 in their blood. A study by Pepin, et al (2008, pp360) indicates these challenges. According to the study, the challenges that these patients face are: fatigue, sleep patterns that are disturbed as well as breathlessness. The group also found out that NIV does not provide a prevention against weakening of the respiratory muscle tha t tend to progress. Acute exacerbations of a chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease better referred to as COPD, pose great challenge to the survival rate of a patient. In the periods that the patient is faced with worsening extremes, it adversely affects the patient’s health status. There is an escalating admission to hospitals and even rise of mortality rates (Angus, et al 2011, pp84). According to the studies by Fionnuala, et al (2007, pp60), it is approximated that the mortality rate of in-patient ranged from 4%-30%. The study goes on to indicate that patients that are admitted due to complications from acute Respiratory failure have a higher mortality rate. According to the study, the patients who are elderly and have co morbidities as well as those patients needing the ICU facilities were the most affected by the high mortality rate. According to the study by Monica, et al (2004, pp605), ventilation of the respiratory worsens to perfusion ratio and this result to a mechan ism in the hypoxemia occurrence. This happens when psychological dead space enlarges. It also occurs when there is a rise in the ventilation waste. In the study by Suzy (2012, pp61), it was identified that increased resistance of the airway as well as the need for high minute ventilation tend to result to a limitation on the expiratory flow. Still, the study found out that a dynamic hyperinflation, enlarged threshold of the aspiratory load as well as respiratory muscle dysfunction result to a feeling of fatigue in a patient. Plant and Elliott (2003) studied that a rapid pattern of breathing, which is somehow shallow, occurs. This is due to the respiratory system efforts towards maintenance of enough ventilation in the alveoli. This happens when the elastic, resistive and loads of aspiratory threshold are introduced to the weakened muscles of the respiratory system. However, irrespective of an increment in stimulus of the centers of the respiratory system as well as swings in the lar ge, negative intra-thoracic pressure, carbon dioxide is still retained and as such, acedemia occurs. Other studies by Rossi, et al (1995) and Ambrosino, et al (1997) established that severe COPD which is complicated by ARF, attain characteristics such as; right ventricular failure, encephalopathy as well as dyspnea and these pose as serious challenges to the survival of the patient. In regards to the studies by Eliott (2012, pp85), a vital intervening is advantageous to the patient with COPD is advisable. He suggested a clinical experience and this was an NIV treatment. Does NIV improve respiratory function or increase survival? A

Overview of Culture in Taiwan

Overview of Culture in Taiwan The republic of China took over Taiwan and the surrounding islands from Japan in the year 1945. The official language used is Mandarin. Taiwanese people are all citizens of the Republic of China who hold the countrys citizenship and the people living in Taiwan. There are three paradigms that are used in identifying the Taiwanese people; self-identification, national criteria and the social cultural criteria. Taiwanese are popular for holding on to most of their traditions, customs and beliefs despite the influence of modernization and external cultural influence (Schubert 2011, p. 4). In this essay, we will look at cultural aspects that define the identity of the Taiwanese Chinese and the essence of being one. Values The Taiwanese people have a considerable diversity among them in regard to genetics, cultural and linguistic. This is as a result of the assimilation of various ethnicities and tribes within china and thousands of years of immigration (Immigrant adaptation, 2012). Confucianism has had much influence on the Taiwanese culture. Confucianism is known for shaping the thoughts of the Chinese and initializes the values of filial piety, which implied the conducting of certain shared rituals (Chen 2001, p. 45). The villagers in this society lavished on wedding and funeral ceremonies, imitating the Confucian virtues of the emperors. Most of the Taiwanese wear the Western style clothing with just a few wearing the traditional clothing on a regular basis. In terms of family matters, the Taiwanese have a family manager who is in charge of income and the family head that represents the family to the world. The families are run on set rules and the whole family traditionally stays in a large triangular house (Chen 2001, p. 48). The cross-cultural psychology makes an effort to understand individuals of different cultures and how they interact with each other. The implicit culture theory indicates that the underlying stereotypes, assumptions, beliefs, and schemas influence the way they relate with each other. The beliefs, stereotypes, and schemas differ across cultures, and given that Taiwanese is formed of different people, some assimilated immigrants who come with their own beliefs, then the implicit culture can help us as a society to understand each other (Hsiau 2000, p. 67). Literature and Art The Taiwanese have literature and art that defines their culture. Dancing is part of the community activity which started as early as 8000 years ago. A dance is the main component of Taiwan culture and involves worship and prayer. The community uses sleeves, long scarves and extensions to contribute to the unique forms of dances (Hua 2001, p. 84). Similarly, we use metaphors in this society to define peoples character traits. For example, the spider is used to represent varied things in society. In this society, the Spider symbolizes persistence and patience because of its hunting technique. The spider sets webs and waits for the prey to become ensnared. The Taiwanese use the spider web to indicate malice and mischief since the spider has poisonous venom that kills slowly (Eberhard 1974, p. 56). The onion metaphor has been used to describe the learning styles in Taiwanese culture. The external layers of the onion represent the peoples preferences with regard to where they wish to study. As one peel the onions, the inner part represent the way people perceive information differently and the inner part of the onion represents the cognitive styles of information processing. The core of the onion represents the personality traits of the people. The metaphors describe ones character and attributes as the onions metaphor can be used to describe an extrovert or introvert (Taiwanese Literature Movement, 2011). The five factor model of personality; extraversion, neuroticism, agreeableness, openness to experience and conscientiousness are used to explain the character traits of the people in different societies. The five factor model originated from two independent research traditions. The first research was that of the Lexis analysis of personality terms which occurs in Natural language. Lexis analysis insists that encoded language can be used to describe the individual differences in traits. The other approach is the factor analysis which is based on different theory-based personality inventories (Martin Gates 1981, p. 91). One of the researches based on the NEO Personality Inventory established that all the five factors had strong genetic bases. Despite the fact that individual differences are substantially stable, personality traits show modest maturational changes that are briefly summarized by noting that most people tend to decline N, E, and O and increase A and C in their adulthood. The model generalizes across cultures despite the differences in history, languages, political systems, religion and other cultural features. The model considers the age differences and the sex differences too (Martin Gates 1981, p. 93). The other forms of art found in this culture include the sculpturing, drawing and music. The society has beautiful patterns of ancient cooking utensils which are as a result of sculpturing. Using pictures and paints to express the imaginative thoughts is a common happening in Taiwanese society. Similarly, the culture has classic texts such as the Art of War and the analects of Confucius (Martin 2003, p. 23). Customs, Traditions, and Practices of Taiwan Culture The mainland China and Taiwan, the traditional Chinese customs and culture still hold sway. However, Cultural Revolution and political movements have contributed to the destruction of the culture and customs. The traditional religious beliefs are almost extinct. In addition, Taiwan members in the society rarely read the classics for themselves. The Taiwanese people have been able to absorb the western customs and cultures (Hsin 2012, p. 23). Taiwanese offer traditional cuisines whose richness surpasses that of Korea and Japan. The traditional festivals have been preserved, and people still do reunite with their families in these festivals. Among the festivals are the Lantern Festivals, the Chinese New year Eve, Dragon Boat Festivals, Chinese Valentine day and the Tomb Sweeping Day among others (Martin 2003, p. 23). The ancient Chinese did not celebrate their birthdays because it was seen as the day the mother to the child was suffering. After the Tang Dynasty, the Chinese started celebrating birthdays as a result of influence from India. The fusing of the Western and the Chinese tradition has made the celebration of birthdays more enjoyable than that of the decade. As we are not too bothered about the religious differences, we have different funeral practices in Taiwan. With the Taiwanese people having an open mind, it is easy to blend the traditional and the foreign customs. This has resulted into a diversified Taiwanese culture (Liao Wang, 2006, p.81). There exist harmful socializing practices among the Taiwanese youth. On normal family interactions, a caregiver spends time with children on a variety of playing and mundane activities. Research indicates that more than 300 events of shame are identified in over a hundred hours of video typed spontaneous home interactions (Katz Rubinstein 2003, p.19). Language and Ethnicity Taiwan is a multiethnic and multi lingual society. The majority of the ethnic groups are the Holos with 73.3%, mainlanders 13%, Hakka 12% and the indigenous 1.7%. The Holo, Hakka and the mainlanders constitute the Han people whose language is a contrast to the Abogriges. The Abogriges differ from the Han people by their ethnic language. Language and ethnicity are bound to change with alterations in the environment. Research has indicated that the Hakka are losing their mother tongue faster than their identity. The Taiwanese identity has been promoted through its language (Davison 2004, p. 45). Religion and Rituals Religion plays an essential role in the cultural identity of the Taiwanese. The Chinese folk religion has had a profound influence on the people. Taoism and Confucianism share aspects of a religion without a demand for exclusive adherence, which culminates to cultural syncretism and tolerance. In the 20th century, the Confucianism was a state official philosophy that governed the moral code with some religious elements like the ancestor worship (Davison 2004, p. 48). One of the ancient rituals is the Ji-tong ritual. It involves people hitting themselves on the head until a gush of blood comes out. Tainan and Lugang are the destinations popularly known for the ancient Chinas culture, old temples and the traditional religious practices. Probability of witnessing the Ji-tong ritual in these places is half given that the ritual takes place on the birthdays of the Chinese gods. As such, the people depend much on the spiritual communication (Davison 2004, p. 56). The Taiwans indigenous people ritual is often focused on the adulthood, good harvest, hunting and spirits rituals. The aim of these rituals is to request for good fortune, consolidating peoples hearts, thanksgiving and survival training. The rituals are considered the major spiritual symbols of the Taiwanese traditional culture (Davison 2004, p. 58). In-Groups According to Murray Hong (1994), the Chinese culture is more of collectivist than individualist. However, both the individualist and collectivist values are endorsed in this society. Two layers of personal relationship have been identified to distinguish how people conduct their social interactions. The in-group perceives others to be part of them while the out-group does not consider themselves as part. In Taiwanese culture, our immediate family members always constitute our in-group while our current and potential enemies constitute the out-groups. As much as we are collectivists, the world sees us as middle group because we do not view the people outside the in-group as totally out-group. We do not categorize them immediately as in-group or out-group when we meet people for the first time. Being a Taiwanese teaches one to be part a member of the larger society and not to be individualistic (Murray Hong 1994, p. 64) There is flexible acculturation during the transmigration process of the Taiwanese in China. The Taiwanese government has identified three strategies that enable flexible acculturation; reinvention of the ethnic identities, spatial movements and the graduated sovereignty. The different transmigration processes have been found to have influence on the Taiwanese women social image, ties to the children, careers, spatial relocation and self-perception. In the Taiwanese acculturation, we single out the extramarital affairs between the Taiwanese men and the Chinese women (Liu 2008, p. 70). Family Importance in Taiwan Culture Taiwan culture emphasize on familial bonds as it shapes the culture of the entire nation. Family plays an influential role in the Chinese culture despite the modernization role of family in China has shifted. The Taiwanese believe that the family membership is inherited through the father. This implies that families are normally headed by the Chinese male members in that family. The elders in the society command much respect and have the most authority (Lu 1997, p. 96). According to the filial piety rationale, the older people within the family have the prevailing will over the younger and inferior members of the society. The culture emphasizes on paying reverence to the ancestors that have passed on, especially the male with failure to do so attracts bad luck to the family. Families that lack the male descendants are thought to become volatile ghosts upon death. In the family set up, each position has its own name allocated to it. For example, fathers older brother is referred to as the Bo fu, while the younger one is shu fu. In the modern society, women are gaining more power in the family set-up which has challenged the traditional patriarchal set-up. The young ones have apparently been allowed to have a say in their future life unlike in the previous decades (Lu 1997, p. 96). The Chinese citizens of the Han descent had a child policy in 1979, which stipulated that a couple ought to only bear one child to themselves (Gu 2006, p. 21). The law was to help control the Chinese population boom. A couple faced a hefty fine on breaking this rule. A great number of cases of sterilization and forced abortions existed in this era. The policy was exempted for a family that bore male children as maleness is highly valued in the Chinese culture (Schubert 2011, p. 33). The relationship guanxi describes the basic dynamics in personalized networks of influence, in the Chinese society. In this relationship, the people are to be of equal social status. It refers to the social benefits gained from the school friends, extended family workmates and members of the same organization. The Guanxi relationship echoes the collectivism that is emphasized in this culture. The collectivism just as Guanxi relationship helps maintain the family and friend contacts and strengthen the bond between groups of people and family. The reciprocal favors are the ones that maintain this Guanxi web where failure to reciprocate is considered an unforgivable offense (Lin 2011, p. 42). In conclusion, being a member of the Taiwanese brings a sense of belonging. The cultures and traditions are friendly to assimilate. This has seen most immigrants being assimilated into this culture without much difficulty. The society is more accepting to the out-group than any other countries. We hold the family set up of importance to the image of the entire country. We uphold the cultural values emphasized in the Confucianism and classics. In addition, the people in this culture are allowed to perform their religious rituals in regard to their religion.

The African National Congress and the Fight Against South African Apart

The word â€Å"apartheid† means â€Å"separateness† in Afrikaans Language. Human Rights, according to â€Å"Article 1, UN Declaration of Rights† states that â€Å" All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights. They are endowed with reason and conscience and should act towards one another in spirit of brotherhood†. The native Africans were being segregated from the whites and were treated as second class citizens. The black residents felt that the apartheid policies violated their rights. Human rights of South African natives were violated when a racial segregation system, called Apartheid, based upon skin color was established by the South African government. Although there were various international responses, the actions of such groups as the African National Congress displayed defiance and bravery in the midst of severe situations. Racial segregation and white domination had become main aspects of South African policy way before apartheid began. Although apartheid in South Africa technically formed in 1948, Africa’s history of racial oppression began as early as the mid-17th century. Unofficial apartheid began the moment when the Dutch East India Company set up a station on the Cape. South Africa is a country blessed with a plentiful abundance of natural resources. These natural resources being fertile farmlands and rare mineral resources. The climate resembles the San Francisco Bay Area more than any other location in the world. This is one of various reasons why the Dutch wanted to colonize it. South Africa was colonized by the English and Dutch in the 17th century. Dutch colonists, also known as Boers or Afrikaners, were controlled by the English resulting in the Dutch forming the new colonies of Orange Free State and Tran... ...ctions of such groups as the African National Congress displayed defiance and bravery in the midst of extremely tough situations. South African native’s rights were being violated because they were being treated poorly and harshly. If anyone tried to protest, even protest with peaceful means, they were either shot at or arrested. The ANC was developed to fight the battle against apartheid. Eventually, this fortunately led to the end of apartheid in 1994. The humanity of all people are diminished when any group is withhold of rights that our granted to others. Works Cited http://www-cs-students.stanford.edu/~cale/cs201/apartheid.hist.html http://www.history.com/topics/apartheid http://www.sahistory.org.za/liberation-struggle-south-africa/apartheid-and-limits-non-violent-resistance-1948-1960 http://www.un.org/cyberschoolbus/discrim/race_b_at_print.asp

How did the supernatural impacted Macbeth? Essay

The supernatural reflected the atmosphere and the beliefs of Scotland and much of Europe in the sixteenth century. Macbeth is a story that is completely engulfed with supernatural elements. It is more a supernatural story than it is drama. Madness, mayhem and horror are all words that best describe this play. Three hideous witches, a floating dagger and apparitions are all supernatural elements that the reader finds in Macbeth. Most importantly, these elements are major causes of Macbeths path of ambition, murder madness and his ultimate downfall. As the story progresses we see the supernatural events change location starting from the witches cavern to Macbeths castle. All this shows that Macbeth is highly dependent and seduced by the supernatural. The opening scene of Macbeth begins with the three witches meeting on the heath and describing the atmosphere, where Fair is foul, and foul is fair (Act 1 scene 1). This implies that what appears good is bad and what appears bad is good. It also shows that witches will become a central figure in setting the tone of the play which hovers through the fog and filthy air. Throughout the story, the witches prophesy and foreshadow everything that will happen to Macbeth and what he will do. Macbeth will eventually come to them more and more to know what lies ahead for him in the future. From a heath near the forest, the witches give prophesy and the reader clues in what destiny lies for Macbeth. It is the witches who tell him that he will be Thane of Cawdor and shalt be King hereafter! (Act 1 scene 3). Macbeth is shocked at this news considering the Thane of Cawdor is still alive at the time. This shows that Macbeth was not yet showing ambition or hunger for power but the witches had planted the seed that would lead to his eventual destruction. The witches also prophesy in this scene that Macbeths friend and comrade Banquo will have sons who will claim the throne after Macbeth and be lesser than Macbeth and greater (Act 1 scene 2). This gives the clue that Macbeths line might be short-lived and that once he is gone there will be no more of his descendants on the throne. When Lady Macbeth learns of all this news through a letter sent by her husband, she immediately sees a promising future but fears her husband is  too full of the milk of human kindness (Act 1 scene 5) to destroy those who lie in his path to ultimate power. It is Lady Macbeth who really triggers the evil side of Macbeth. As the story progresses however, we see the tables turn as she becomes tormented by her own guilt while her husband kills without conscience. We do not see the witches again until the end of Act 3 when their leader, Hecate, is angry with them for telling Macbeth his future without her permission. In order to make amends she orders the witches to create more spells to give Macbeth overconfidence as you all know security is mortals chiefest enemy (Act 3 scene 5). Another supernatural element that Shakespeare uses in the play represents Macbeths guilt and beginning of his madness is through the floating daggers in Act 2, which occur in Macbeths own home whilst King Duncan was guest. Before Macbeth commits the murder of King Duncan, he sees a bloody dragger that leads him to Duncans room. Macbeth questions if the dagger is real or a dagger of the mind, a false creation (Act 2 scene 1), in other words it is a hallucination. This dagger makes it so Macbeth cannot resist killing Duncan. It also brings the supernatural from outside to inside the castle. Shakespeare uses the influence of apparitions twice in his story. One of the apparitions is of the recently murdered Banquo. This ghost visits Macbeth at the banquet right after Macbeth learns that Banquos death was successfully committed by one of the hired murders. Macbeth is shocked and badly shaken by this apparition and looks like a fool to his party guests. The dominating Lady Macbeth tries to calm him down and reassures the guests telling them Think of this, good peers, but as a thing of custom, tis no other, (Act 3 scene 4). This is a turning point in the story as it shows the beginning of Macbeths descent into Madness. Macbeth continues his obsessive dependence on the witches predictions as he once again in a cavern in Act 4. The witches conjure up three apparitions. The first is an armed head that tells Macbeth to Beware Macduff! Beware the Thane of Fife. The scond apparition is a bloody child that says that none of  woman born shall harm Macbeth. The third is a child crowned with a tree in his hand that predicts Macbeth shall never vanquished be until Great Birnam Wood to high Dunsinane Hill shall come against him (Act 4 scene 1). All of these apparitions give Macbeth a sense of overconfidence which untimely leads to his downfall. From these Macbeth comes to the conclusion that all men are born of women, so therefore he thinks that nobody can kill him. He also assumes that forests cannot literally move, so that should not be a problem to him either. The story shows however, that the soldiers fighting against him camouflage themselves with boughs from trees looking like a moving forest, and that Macduff was from his mothers womb untimely ripped (Act 5 scene 8). From all these examples it can be seen that the supernatural has a great influence on Macbeths rise to power and his fall from power. We see that his growing obsessive reliance on the witches prophesies causes him over confidence which leads to his ultimate demise. We also see Macbeth descend into evil and being seduced by the supernatural, by having supernatural events change location. All of these elements show the causes of Macbeths path of ambition, murder, madness and finally his total self-destruction. Bibliography Macbeth (William Shakespeare)Oxford companion to Shakespeare (Dobson)

Dementia Symptoms are usually subtle in onset and often progress

Alzheimer’s disease is a progressive, irreversible, degenerative neurologic disease that begins insidiously and is characterized by gradual losses of cognitive function and disturbances in behavior and affect. Alzheimer’s disease is not found exclusively in the elderly; in 1 % to 10% of cases, its onset occurs in middle age. A family history of Alzheimer’s disease and the presence of Down syndrome are two established risk factors for Alzheimer’s disease.Of family members have at least one other relative with Alzheimer’s disease, then a familial component, which non- specifically includes both environmental triggers and genetic determinants, is said to exist. Genetic studies show that autosomal- dominant forms of Alzheimer’s disease are associated with early onset and early death. In 1987, chromosome 21 was first implicated in early-onset familial Alzheimer’s disease. Soon after, the gene coding fro amyloid precursor protein or APP was also found to be on chromosome 21.Not until 1991 was an actual mutation in association with familial Alzheimer’s disease found in the APP gene of chromosome 21. For those with this gene, onset of Alzheimer’s disease began in their 50’s. Only a few of the cases of familial Alzheimer’s disease have been found to involve this genetic mutation. In 1992, chromosome 14 was found to contain an unidentified mutation also linked to familial Alzheimer’s disease. Since 1995, molecular biologists have been discovering even more- specific genetic information about the various forms of Alzheimer’s disease, including genetic differences between early- and late- onset Alzheimer’s disease.These genetic differences are helping to pinpoint risk factors associated with the disease, although the genetic indicators are not specific enough to be used as reliable diagnostic markets. A. Causes/ Risk Factors Symptoms of AD are usually subtle in onset and often progress slowly until they are obvious and devastating. The changes characteristic of AD into three general categories: cognitive, functional, and behavioral. Reversible causes of AD include alcohol abuse, medication use, psychiatric disorders, and normal- pressure hydrocephalus. Increasing age is the leading risk factor of people getting Alzheimer’s disease. II.Symptoms, Changes by Psychological and Behavioral A. Dementia Symptoms are usually subtle in onset and often progress slowly until they are obvious and devastating. The changes characteristics of dementia fall into three general categories: cognitive, functional and behavioral. In the early stages of Alzheimer’s disease, forgetfulness and subtle memory loss occur. The patient may experience small difficulties in work or social activities but has adequate cognitive function to hide the loss and can function independently. Depression may occur at this time. With further progression of the disease, the deficits c an no longer be concealed.Forgetfulness is manifested in many daily actions. These patients may lose their ability to recognize familiar faces, places, and objects and may get lost in a familiar environment. They may repeat the same stories because they forget that they have already told them. Trying to reason with the person and using reality orientation only increase the patient’s anxiety without increasing function. Conversation becomes difficult, and there are word- finding difficulties. The ability to formulate concepts ad think abstractly disappears; for instance, the patient can interpret a proverb only in concrete terms.The patient is often unable to recognize the consequences of his or her actions and will therefore exhibit impulsive behavior. For example, on a hot day, the patient may decide to wade in the city fountain fully clothed. The patient has difficulty with everyday activities, such as operating simple appliances and handling money. Personality changes are also usually evident. The patient may become depressed, suspicious, paranoid, hostile, and even combative. Progression of the disease intensifies the symptoms: speaking skills deteriorate to nonsense syllables, agitation and physical activity increase, and the patient may wander at night.Eventually, assistance is needed for most ADL’s including eating and toileting, since dysphagia occurs and incontinence develops. The terminal stage, in which the patient is usually mobile and requires total care, may last for months or years. Occasionally, the patient may recognize family or caretakers. Death occurs as a result of complications such as pneumonia, malnutrition, or dehydration. Primary Dementia Primary Dementia is diseases that directly attack brain tissue and cause the behaviors associated with dementia. Primary dementias are irreversible; that is, they can only be treated symptomatically and cannot be cured.The most common type of primary dementia, and of all types of dement ias, is Alzheimer’s disease. Secondary dementia or pseudo dementia Secondary disease refers to diseases that do not directly attack brain tissue but result in symptoms described result from diabetic ketoacidosis, drug intoxication, severe nutritional imbalance, severe dehydration, head trauma, sever infections, and depression. Multi-infarct dementia (MID) Multi-infarct dementia denotes to dementia symptoms resulting from multiple strokes. B. Mood An individual who has Alzheimer’s has the tendency â€Å"to manifest rapid mood swings†.There is depression which is 30%. C. Personality The changes include the apathy, indifference, irritability. In early stage of the disease, social behavior is intact; hides cognitive deficits. In the advanced disease, the person with AD disengages from activity and relationships; is suspicious; has paranoid delusions caused by memory loss; aggressive; has catastrophic reactions. D. Statistics on morbidity (disease) and mortality (dea th) Alzheimer ’s disease reportedly affects 3% to 11% of community residing adults older than 65 years of age and 20% to 50% of community residing adults older than age 85.Most of those suffering from AD who are in the over 85 age group reside in the institutional settings. Of those individuals 100 years and older, almost 60%are noted to demonstrate AD. Despite this high incidence, clinicians fail to detect dementia in 21% to 72% of patients. In order for a diagnosis of AD to be made, at least two domains of altered function must exists—memory and at least one of the following: language, perception, visuospatial function, calculation, judgment, abstraction, and problem solving.

buy custom Disabled Students and Education in the U.S.A essay

buy custom Disabled Students and Education in the U.S.A essay Disability is a term that is used to refer to a set of conditions which may be medical, physiological or emotional/psychological which affect the day to day functioning of a person, rendering unable to function at optimum capacity in the various spheres of their lives. Education is one of these spheres of a persons life that may be affected by disability. However, disability should not be looked on as a complete failure of the disabled individuals to fit in an integrate into the society, but as merely a setback that can be mitigated by making available facilities, policies and guidelines that make the integration process of disabled students simpler. Indeed, disability is not an indicator of a persons inability, but a case of lacking opportunities which would make the individual as productive as any other member of society. More often than not, disabled people are generally looked down upon and thus afforded fewer opportunities to prove their worth to society. A study conducted by Rehabilitation Research and Training Center on Disability Statistics and Demographics concluded that the handicapped are only afforded about 39% of the nations total working force, and the bias is especially pointed against those with major disabilities such as total sensory deficit such as total blindness or deafness, mental instability or emotional disabilities. Helen Keller (27 June 1880-june 1 1968) was a political activist and author was the first deaf blind person to earn a degree in Bachelor of Arts. Having been rendered deaf blind by a disease she contracted as an infant, Helen Keller was taught to read and write by her instructor Ann Sullivan. Being disabled, Helen Keller was able to achieve a lot more than her disabled peers since she was lucky enough to find continued support for her education, although her own personal effort and initiative no doubt enabled her to rise to her position of fame. She effectively demonstrated that given enough opportunities, disabled people can be as productive as their contemporaries who are not disabled. Education has a crucial role to play in the empowerment and elevation of the disabled, as well as removing the negative stigma that surrounds disabled members of society. Education system in the United States has paid considerable attention to the plight of the disabled students that require an education, and to that effect has outlined various laws and policies that are meant to streamline the integration of the disabled into society. The United States has approached the issue of educating the disabled from two distinct approaches. The first approach involves ensuring that the disabled individuals are not deprived of their right to free education by passing federal laws that safeguard this right. One such federal approach to ensuring education for the disabled is the individuals with disabilities education act (IDEA) that was passed into law in 1990 and reauthorized in 1997. A major amendment of the law was carried out in 2004. IDEA is meant to safeguard the rights of all students who have disabilities, a student being defined as anyone between the ages of 3 to 21 years. IDEA isspending clause legislation, meaning that only participant states will receivefunding for it from the federal government, and they in turn are meant to uphold the act. Currently, all states are participating in the individual with disabilities education act. A cornerstone of the IDEA is the provision of free appropriate public education (FAPE) as well as the provision of educational facilities and services that will raise the level of education of the disabled to be at par or as close as possible to the level of education received by their non-disabled peers. IDEA 2004 proceeded to extend its scope to ensuring that the disabled students can readily integrate into mainstream society after their education, and maintains that one of the goals of the FAPE is to prepare the disabled student for further learning, education opportunities as well as employment and independent living. As of 2006, over 6 million children have benefitted from the special education services being offered through IDEA. IDEA caters for individuals who suffer from 13 specific types of disabilities, including but not limited to mental retardation, hearing handicaps such as deafness, visual impairments such as blindness as well as language and speech impairments, orthopedic challenges, autism, learning impairments and other impairments which necessitates the use of special education as well as other related services .individuals who do not qualify for the services afforded by IDEA may benefit from complementary laws such as the rehabilitation act of 1973 as well as the Americans with disabilities act.(ADA). An important point to note is that as long as a disabled person meets the qualification criteria set to determine eligibility for services provided under IDEA, the service(s) have to be provided by the school even f the student may be in a totally vegetative state and thus unable to benefit fully from the services, under the zero rejection rule that was passed by the court in two landmark cases, namely Parks v. Pavkovic, 753 F.2d 1397 (7th Cir.1985) and Timothy W. v. Rochester School District 875 F.2d 954 (1st Cir. 1989). IDEA works by ensuring that each individual is assessed independently in order to develop an individualized education program (IEP) since different individuals may have different needs, thus making it difficult if not impossible to develop a curriculum that will encompass all disabled students. The IEP is developed with the help of the parents of the disabled individual, regular teachers, educational professionals who are able to determine the implications of the education program as well as representatives from the committee of special education. The individualized education program must take into consideration the integration of the disabled individual into contemporary society, and to this effect, it is meant to operate at the least restrictive environment, which is the environment closest in condition to the environment in which a disabled individuals contemporaries are operating in. the incorporation of the concept of the least restrictive environment is key to the successful im plementation of IDEA. A second approach to providing education for the disabled is implemented at the local and state levels. Whereas the IDEA is a federal government initiative, local governments hhave also come up with legislation which is meant to make the education of disabled individuals easier. These local initiatives receive all their funding from local government, and all controls are exerted from the respective educational departments of the local governments. One of the features for these state initiated approaches is that they may or may not deal directly with disabled students, but by recognizing and addressing some of the problems that face the disabled within a society, the quality of life for disabled individual, including disabled students improves. Such initiatives includes such diverse events such those carried out by the state of Idaho which entailed renaming the various bodies that deal with disabled individuals as well as renaming specific disabilities to reduce bias and negative connotations as well as creating new bodies to deal with disabled individuals needs. the states of Idaho and Oklahoma increased the parking fines associated with handicapped parking spaces, and the funds that are accumulated from fines is used to develop or improve access facilities for the mobility disabled. The state of Kentucky recently introduced the American Sign Language as a foreign language in post-secondary and tertiary level education order to enhance communication between the deaf and other members of society. By making these as well as other seemingly small and insignificant changes to the societys approach to disability, the society at large is enabling more and more disabled individuals to live lives which are meaningful, productive as well as independent. As Helen Keller once said, it is by making these seemingly small and insignificant steps that advocates and policymakers can achieve the great and noble goal through the smaller victories we continue to pursue. In conclusion, disability is defined as merely a lack of opportunity and not necessarily as an inability to live a fulfilling and productive life. Education plays a key role in ensuring that disabled individuals are productive ad fully integrated members of society, as was clearly outlined by the case of Helen Keller. Various approaches have been taken to safeguard the right of disabled individuals to free and meaningful education. One of the major policies that shape way in which the United States approaches the issue of educating the disabled is the individuals with disabilities education act. It is a federal approach to ensuring that disabled individuals receive an education as per their current level of need as outlined by the individual education program which is tailor made for all the disabled students. IDEA has a twofold goal, which is to provide an education to the disabled individuals as well as ensuring their integration into mainstream society as well as readying them for an independent life. IDEA is funded by the federal government, and currently, all states are participating in this education policy. Another approach to educating the disabled is whereby the various states formulate their own education policies in order to cater for the needs of their disabled individuals. As small and insignificant as some of the actions taken by the local governments, they are steps in the right direction. 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Lecture Summaries #5 Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Lecture Summaries #5 - Coursework Example However, upon assuming his position as the president, Franklin Roosevelt’s determination to make effective changes to the economy led him into developing a program identified as the New Deal. This program was a representation of the culmination of long-term trends towards abandoning the â€Å"laissez-faire† capitalism to regulating the railroads, as well as the introduction of a number of reform legislations. The main aim of the program was to rid the nation from the financial illness that was paralyzing it. Some of the changes realized after the introduction of the New Deal are inclusive of the adoption of a program advocating for cooperation between the government and private businesses. On the other hand, President Roosevelt established a central economic planning in order to rescue capitalism as well as guarantee that the government was democratically representative. He used funds from the government to uplift the economy (America in the 20th Century, 10). Conversely, the New Deal utilized government policies for the redistribution of wealth from the wealthy individuals in the country, to the individuals in need. One of the causes leading to the economic crisis during the great depression was the heavy loans the banks gave to investors for stock purchases. The second New deal led to the introduction of social reform programs that would strengthen the commitment of the nation to create jobs and provide security against unemployment, illnesses and old age. The articles on the Second World War provide a revelation of some of the factors that led to its commencement as well as the way Americans responded to the war. Some of the factors leading to the commencement of the war include the fact that there were a number of unresolved issues from the First World War, outbursts from the worldwide economic depression and the stock crash in the year 1929, and American isolationism among other factors. One of the causes leading to

Compare and contrast positivism and classicism and outline thier role Essay

Compare and contrast positivism and classicism and outline thier role as an explanation for criminal behaviour in Ireland - Essay Example Finally, role of both theories in determining criminal behavior in Ireland is studied. Classical and positivist school of thought are basic part of early criminological development. Cesare Beccaria proposed Classical perspective which was inspired by â€Å"On Crimes and Punishment† in 1764. He was concerned about reforming the brutal ways of punishment for bad deeds prevailed throughout Europe. He was a man of law who believed in philosophical and procedure based punishment that can provide moral support for criminal justice. According to Classical school of thought, man is a rational being who is blessed with free will. This knowledge and sense of choice enables man to judge the good or bad and its consequences for everyone including himself. Man is fully capable to understand and avoid crime considering the logical consequence of crime as punishment (O’Mahony, 2002, p.221). O’Mahony(2002) states the principles as: people should be treated equally before the law and punished only in accordance with the law; that punishment should be based on the act rather than the class of person who commits the act; the punishment should be based on a pleasure/pain reckoning so that the pain of punishment will always outweigh the pleasure to be gained from crime; and, perhaps most importantly ,that punishment should be commensurate with the seriousness of the offence and, though a prompt and effective deterrent, should be kept to the minimum†¦Most importantly, since man acts on the basis of his rational, self-regarding, cost/benefit analysis of the situation, he can be swayed to avoid crime, if he sees that it carries a high risk of appropriately severe punishment.(p.221) According to Joyce (2006), this school of thought developed from the enlightenment movements in Europe and expressed through liberalism, they believed in having society as a contract

Food Insecurity Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Food Insecurity - Essay Example As far as hard statistics go, the Food and Agriculture Organization(FAO) estimates that over 852 million people in the world struggle from chronic hunger, while a much larger 2 billion faces constant fear of starvation due to poverty (FAO,2003). Being the most basic of necessities, providing easy and affordable access to nutritious food is paramount to stopping deaths due to hunger, malnutrition, and diseases worldwide. While the issue of food insecurity plagues primarily the developing and developed countries, the developed world isn't immune to it altogether. In the United States, 10.9% of the households were food insecure at least some time during the year, of which, 4.0% were very food insecure for some time during the year (United States Department of Agriculture,2007). The states with the highest food insecurity during 2004-06 were Mississippi (18.1%), New Mexico (16.1%), and Texas (15.9%), while North Dakota (6.4%) had the lowest food insecurity. (Household Food Security in the United States, 2006 Food insecurity in United States households is usually recurrent or episodic, but not chronic (unlike that in developing and undeveloped countries). This means that these households faced shortage and anxiety over food for not more than 1 or 2 months, and not the whole year round. Some particular household groups are more susceptible to food insecurity than others, with prevalence of food insecurity much higher than the national average. These groups include households headed by single women (30.4%), and single men (17.0%), Black (21.8%) and Hispanic (19.5%) households. Households with income below the official poverty line had the highest prevalence of food insecurity (36.3%). Of the 12.6 million households with food insecurity, 10.32 million live in metropolitan areas, making the access to a nutritious source of food a non-issue (USDA, 2007). Thus, food insecurity in these metropolitan areas results primarily from poverty or occasional natural causes (such as natural disasters), u nlike undeveloped and developing countries where food availability and not affordability is a major cause of food insecurity. Women, due to their roles in managing family feeding are at heightened risk of food insecurity. Lower levels of education and inequality in terms of employment opportunities, as well as biological factors such as pregnancy and childbirth make single women without spouses especially susceptible to the consequences of food insecurity. The median income of single women over 16 yearsin the United States is $22,097, compared to $32,396 for males (United States Community Survey, 2006). Consequently, households headed by single women also show a much larger deviation in terms of food insecurity than the national average (30.4% compared to the national average of 10.9%). Poor education is one of the primary causes for this deviation, as the median income of single females with less than high school education is $13,255, compared to $49,164 for single females with graduate or professional degrees. Children are another major cause of poverty and the resulting food insecurity in households headed by single women with no spous