Mass-elite theorists and subcultures

Academic writing is usually best when it takes a dispassionate attitude to its subject; when it reviews the several contesting scholarly opinions around a question, before judging the value of each of them. But sometimes a writer is given a question that allows him to write destructive criticism, and to champion the merits of one argument only. This present question is such a question. If one takes a supercilious attitude towards it then he might expel it at once by arguing that neither Matthew Arnold nor F. R. Leavis – men who sought the promotion of culture through the study of high literature and the reform of education – would have descended at all to study the subcultures of Goths and Trekkers. These groups have produced no serious literature and they have done little to reform education. And so one can easily cement such a fierce attitude into a strong essay – though one that would sadly be very short and unmarkable! If instant dismissal is not appropriate, then a writer who has studied Arnold’s and Leavis’s definitions of culture can argue ceaselessly that neither man would have thought Goths and Trekkers a positive development for culture. A short statement about definition. There are of course manifold definitions of culture. Many recent writers define culture in terms of mass-culture, within which all groups and subcultures belong. If culture is defined like this then Goths and Trekkers are both part of culture and can be said to expand culture by pushing it wider and making it more diverse. Arguments like this are possible; but they are not possible for our present question. In this essay one has to measure these groups against the definitions of Leavis and Arnold only; and leave aside the merits of any modern definitions. Let us then examine the definition of Leavis and Arnold. Matthew Arnold famously defined culture as to ‘†¦ know the best that has been said and thought in the world’. Someone who is cultured has learnt to perceive beauty, perfection, truth and justice through literature and art. In Culture and Anarchy and Essays in Criticism Arnold argues that culture is centered upon education: thus the expansion of culture is possible only if it is accompanied by an equal expansion of education. So: somebody who is highly cultured is also highly educated. F.R.  Leavis had a very similar definition of culture. Leavis argued even more explicitly than Arnold that there is an unbreakable bond between knowledge of the humanities and the acquisition of culture. As G. Steiner says ‘The commanding axiom in Leavis’s life-work is the conviction that there is a close relation between a man’s capacity to respond to art and his general fitness for humane existence.’ Despite the esoteric sound of these words they do say something vital about culture. The key word is humane. Someone who has studied great works of literature tends to have better judgment and is kinder to his fellow man than people who have not. Leavis says ‘†¦ thinking about cultural and social matters ought to be done by minds of some real literary education, and done in an intellectual climate formed by a vital literacy culture’. In short: a healthy culture and society depends upon a large number of its citizens studying and thinking about the classics. Leavis famously defined these arguments in his controversial Richmond Lecture – should we say polemic? – against C. P. Snow. The lecture is Leavis’s proposal for the future of culture in England. Leavis wanted a small, economically weaker England that would be highly literate and cultured — instead of a huge commercialized and capitalistic society that would be less literate. Thus we see in Leavis, as in Arnold, a definition of culture as a society that knows intimately great works of art. According to this definition, any group that progresses culture must go beyond the culture that has gone before. Do Goths and Trekkers then add to what we can learn from Homer, Shakespeare and the Bible? (This is a fair question if measured by the definition above). The answer must be no. The Goth and Trekker subcultures have not produced one serious piece of literature or music; even if one stretches Star Trek into some definition of art, the movies and show are not the invention of Trekkers, but the object of their devotion. Goths claim to have a passion for literature; but this passion has not created any literature of their own. Likewise – even though it is not one of their aims – neither of these groups has done anything to reform education or our universities. We cannot study Goth culture from its literature, because there is not any. But we can examine some of the statements of Goth members to see whether there is any sign of culture as defined by Leavis and Arnold. The following article called ‘A Short Treatise on Goth subculture’ is taken from the internet. The author, Chameleon, says that Goths are defined by ‘a morbid sense of humor’, ‘appreciation of the darker side of life’, ‘tolerance of lifestyles considered weird by the masses’ and an ‘apolitical attitude towards society’. Rus Haslage, the President of the International Federation of Trekkers, says that the philosophy of trekkers is that ‘†¦everyone is different, and it is those differences that make us special. And, it is those differences that make meshing our sparks even more beneficial to us all.’ In both these statements the common feature is vagueness of meaning and purpose. Goths and Trekkers feel some solidarity with each other in their interest in the ways of the Goth or Star Trek; but there is no clear or precise thought about the identity and purpose of these groups. To be fair to each group neither claims to add to the wisdom that the great works of literature and art that the West has accumulated; but, if we judge this admission of non-achievement strictly according to the definition of Leavis and Arnold, then the existence of such groups has either no effect or a regressive effect upon culture. Bibliography Books: P. Hodkins,   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Goth: Identity, Style and Subculture M. Arnold,     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Culture and Anarchy M.Arnold,  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Essays in Criticism H. Jenkins III, Star Trek Rerun, Reread, Rewritten: Fan Writing as Textual Poaching F.R. Leavis,   Ã‚  Ã‚  Mass Civilization and Minority Culture, (1930) F.R. Leavis,   Ã‚  Ã‚  Nor Shall My Sword: Discourses on Pluralism, Compassion and Social Hope (1972) G. Steiner,  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Language and Silence, Faber and Faber, 1967 Websites: www.iftcommand.com www.religioustolerance.org      

Adi Godrej

Personal Profile Adi Godrej †¢Birth Name: Adi Burjorji Godrej †¢Common Name: Adi Godrej †¢Date of Birth: April 3, 1942 †¢Zodiac Sign: Aries †¢Sex: Male †¢Hair Color: White †¢Nationality: Indian †¢Religion: Hinduism †¢Education: Massachusetts Institute of Technology Family Adi Godrej †¢Father: Burjorji Godrej †¢Mother: Jai Godrej †¢Brother: Nadir Godrej †¢Spouse: Parmeshwar Godrej †¢Son: Pirojsha †¢Daughter: Tanya Dubash, Nisa Godrej Career Adi Godrej †¢Profession: Businessman Trivia Adi Godrej †¢. Submit View All Trivia Quotes Adi Godrej Recently Godrej Industries and our consumer division outsourced their IT architecture to HP. Each division/group works independently, and so the decisions were also independent. All the same, each department has a different skill set. We wanted to benchmark and balance those. – Unknown submitted by – Vaibhav Dhiman †¢We deployed ERP more than a dec ade ago to connect with vendors and customers. Today, the ERP covers all modules even the HRD. We further expanded the scope in customer relationship by bringing CRM online.With eCRM, we have taken it a step forward. We refresh the technology regularly. From an MFG Pro ERP ten years ago to SAP, we have come a long way. – Unknown submitted by – Sanjeev Dhiman †¢No. I only use the email and occasionally access the internet. † I have a Blackberry Bold as a personal tool. I do not have a laptop. I work on a desktop. – Unknown submitted by – Sanjeev Dhiman †¢Very important. However, he is not a business strategist, a CEO is responsible. CIO is a part of the business strategy team, and is a part of the business decisions.It should be understood that technology does not dictate business, business dictates technology. A business should be able to leverage technology. BI is also a very important tool to understand customer behaviour. Information is collected and used well. However, technology modules cannot be the center of business. Innovation in prod – Unknown submitted by – Sandeep Sandeep Singh †¢We are in many businesses. We will continue to expand in the B2B segment, and our major areas of growth are the FMCG and property divisions.We are growing at a faster rate then the competition in the FMCG market. In the property market, there is a huge scope for all players to grow. It is a vast market with huge growth potential. – Unknown submitted by – New ID Submit View all Quotes ‘Joint ventures and strategic aliances are not necessarily forever' Biography Adi Godrej Last Updated: Wednesday, February 13, 2002 . The Godrej products were among the first indigenously manufactured products to move entrenched overseas brands.

Business Economics for De-Unionization

In the entire Article, the author discusses about the increasing disparity between the upper- and lower-half of the society. The major narrator of the piece is Robert Reich who is primary illustrating the America’s social classes. The metaphor is utilized in explicating how the economy of America is fluctuating for the rich and poor. It is alluded to a boat that everyone is in whereby 1 is rapidly sinking 2 nd one sinking more gradually while the 3 rd steadily rising. The three social classes are referred to here including lower-, middle- and upper-class. The lower-class keeps going poorer due to job loss, increase automation alongside petition from other economies which are enthusiastic to work for less money. The middle-class is somewhat staying unchanged but remain still diminishing economically. This is due to machinery that is substituting employees, lower wages due to the surged social security drawn by the government from the retirees, alongside the stiff petition from immigrant searching for jobs. The upper-class does well and ascending past everyone else since they are the people who are thinking regarding selling their notions to overseas nations who could never think of them independently. The topic is anchored on the Robert Reich as both eye opener and simultaneously a cautionary for the society about the unemployment which the society shall be facing and is presently facing as a result of the lack of education and technology. It precisely enunciates that routine producers’ jobs and in-person servers have extinguished wholly as the contemporary techniques have substituted them. Reich posited that strictly individuals whose jobs remain on the upsurge are symbol analysts. The symbol analysts remain the actual problem solvers. The symbol analysts’ skills remain extremely in the demand globally since they are the people who initially examine the problem and subsequently solve the problem (Reich 15). The same unemployment problem alongside the global recession that has left workers focusing on workers not solely with skills of specialist but further a vaster array of knowledge and skills. The report remains a clear reflection of what is required by the modern day employers, but the question remains whether it is universities or learners individually that fail to cope with the needs of modern world that is marred with advancement in technology alongside critical thinking. The modern day generation alongside reasons for huge drop in employment are truly missing something critical. The opposition holds that the job losses in America is caused not by the immigrants into America but due to technological development and globalization. The opposition acknowledges that the main challenge is the employment crisis that the millennials shall be facing as a result of educational challenges, either in schools or in learners, and the similar period the ascending symbol analysts demand (Spangler 472). This is an eye-openers for millennials since the opposition has precisely illustrated all the challenges facing millennials and shall be facing in the ing years about employment. The main strength in my opponent claim is that it is true that globalization and technological advancement have greatly led to a laying off of many workers. On the other hand, the opponent fails to appreciate that as technology is advancing, many jobs are destroyed and through innovation, many new jobs are created and many firms upskill their old employees rather than retrenching which would indeed retain workers and even employ new ones. The Robert Reich Article remains wholly true. There is a widening gap between the rich and the poor. This disparity/gap is increasing blooming visibly as months turn to years. The rich are increasingly b ing richer since they are the people taking over the lower-class jobs and doing whatever they wish with them. Often, the upper-class fire all the employees and place in automatic machinery since it is increasingly effective and cost really less. The upper-class have further put a surge on immigrants over the previous ten years and it is still ascending today. The immigrants e to America and require jobs to support both families and themselves. This is the reason there is increasing jobs less in the US. If the American economy keeps up with this declining trend, there will people trapped in absolute poverty and those who are filthy rich. Accordingly many of the rich individuals shall refute to assist the poor, even where they are increasingly capable of helping the poor.   Ã‚  Ã‚   Based on my claim, the millennials’ future is analyzed with respect to unemployment problems the millennials will face as a result of globalization. The advancement in technology and entire world â€Å"going global† remains significant.   Unlike my claim, that I hold also contributes to the American job losses, I see sense in the opponent claim that attributes the job loss to the shift of jobs from the developed to developing economies established by the huge recession in the developed-economies to have triggered by the advancement in technology and globalization.    It is true that both claims remain cognizant that the main challenge is the unemployment. Whereas I attributed the lack of employment among the Americans to the petition arising from the immigrants who seek the same jobs to support themselves and families, I am in agreement with my opponent’s claim that globalization and advancement in technology have also played a significant role (Stiglitz 133). It is true that advancement in technology has made workers stay in touch with the entire globe with the assistance of certain optical wires alongside satellites and hence began hiring employees who were willing and ready to work for the lower salaries. In the same manner, introduction of novel labor-saving machineries like ATMs and robotized vending accounts for job losses. Both opposing claims have a sense in arguments and hence there is a mon ground. Both technological advancement and globalization have indeed led to job loses while at the same time Americans have lost jobs due to influx of immigrants. Reich, Robert B. "Why the rich are getting richer and the poor, poorer." The way class works: Readings on school, family, and the economy (2008): 13-24. Spangler, Eve. "When Good Jobs Go Bad: Globalization, De-Unionization, and Declining Job Quality in the North American Auto Industry." (2017): 471-473. Stiglitz, Joseph E. "The overselling of globalization." Business Economics 52.3 (2017): 129-137.

The Best Years of Our Lives Film Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The Best Years of Our Lives Film - Essay Example This movie reflects the worrisome time phase when the entire world was undergoing a harsh transition. This movie revolves around the lives of three war veterans who were returning home with the harsh and brutal memories of the war. This was the time when entire Europe and Japan was devastated culturally, socially and economically and America was enjoying the supreme power and hold in greater parts of the world. This movie shows that how those veterans were to be lived in this change with unstable economy and unpredictable life. This movie answers some of the reality based questions in a liberal manner regarding social reformism of Franklin D.Roosevelt. It was expected that this social reformism was about to come to an end. The film contains the hardest realities of unrest social conditions and uneasiness. One cannot ignore the fact that it was the crucial time in the world’s history filled with depressing times and social unrest. The Purpose of the Film: The purpose of this fi lm was to express the social turmoil the world was going through and the return of soldiers who were filled with the hard memories of the war. ... Message Conveyed Through the Film: The movie, Best Years of Our Lives expresses a very strong message that how veteran who have returned home were trying to cope with their normal day life. The movie shows that how difficult it became for the officers of the wars to sustain and maintain their social prestige in the society while working at the low level jobs and how they were viewed by the people in general. Without realizing their situation and hardships, people accused them for participating in a â€Å"wrong war† as in the case of Fred Berry who after returning from war is now working as a soda jerk. He was accused of having fought with the wrong enemy by the people around him and eventually, his social life ends in distress. The same happened with Parrish who was being offered the job of a salesman by his girlfriend’s father due to the harsh reality for being a disable person which would set his image as an object of pity for the people (Charles Boogle). William Wyle r has tried to convey the message that how people react and behave towards soldiers who are already bound by the harsh experiences of war-time. Conclusion: The movie is intended to entertain those audiences which are keen to know the lives of the soldiers, their experiences during the war and the hardships they go through. The movie is an artistic masterpiece which depicts the real lives of soldiers and their hardships. Work Cited: Boogle, C. The Best Years of Our Lives (1946): realism and reformism. (2007). Web http://www.wsws.org/articles/2007/aug2007/best-a11.shtml accessed online on 12th April,

Explain Descartes' Method of doubt; what does he hope to accomplish Essay

Explain Descartes' Method of doubt; what does he hope to accomplish from this method; is Descartes a skeptic - Essay Example Using this dreaming hypothesis, Descartes finds a way to doubt the materialistic world’s certainty, which also lays the basis for Descartes’s doubt regarding mathematics. Just like this world could be a deception, there could be an evil genius who could convince Descartes into believing that 2 added to 3 makes 6, which is certainly not true. The prime goal of Descartes is to build a safe foundation for the philosophy. Most of Descartes’s writings belong to the period when the modern science was starting to advance, and Descartes was of the opinion that the scientists had a very subjective idea of how to advance in their urge to create knowledge. Hence, Descartes decided to provide the scientists with a solid starting point that was in essence, an Archimedean fulcrum. Descartes achieved this by introducing a Method of Doubt with which, he could express his doubts regarding the knowledge’s structure in a systematic way. Although Descartes seems like a skeptic, but in reality, he is not one. Skepticism, as explained before, is only a method using which Descartes critically analyzes things and facts so as to reach at a conclusion with a solid rationale for it. An in-depth analysis of Descartes’s philosophy suggests that he has very much played the role of a religious zealot on his time. â€Å"Scepticism is a form of anti realism† (â€Å"Descartes meditation 1†) whereas Descartes used his philosophy to explore realism. In order for one to be characterized as a skeptic, it is imperative that one always remains skeptical about one’s stance on things, whereas Descartes starts analyzing a matter from a skeptical position, only to establish a conclusion at the end. This is not skepticism since it leads to confidence and surety that lacked in the start of the analysis. This essentially means that rather being a skeptic in essence, Descartes made use of skepticism as a means to cr itically analyze things, which is why he is

To CASE A HYPERTENSION Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

To CASE A HYPERTENSION - Essay Example ctor also found rales of crackles on his chest upon auscultation and this poses a risk as Dr Ally may suffer a heart failure which is his main problem. This is the reason why the doctor ordered him to take some rest and restart his high blood pressure medication to curb the impending condition (Kataoka and Matsuno, 2008). According to the case study, Dr. Ally is undergoing pathophysiological changes in his eyes and heart owing to the fact that he recently suffered a bout of epistaxis which refers to severe nose bleeding, dizziness and a blurred vision. For instance, the blurry vision can be attributed to damaged blood vessels otherwise referred to as retinopathy and if left untreated this could result to blindness. On the other hand, the impending heart failure could be caused by damaged arteries and this could be fatal (U.S. National Library of Medicine, 2012). According to the doctor, the patient could have developed congestive heart failure (CHF) due to hypertension, a condition that causes the heart to weaken thus rendering it unable to carry out its pumping activities normally. In this case, the patient could be suffering from left sided heart failure and this can be explained by the rales of crackles on his chest which the doctor encountered upon auscultation. In addition, his feelings of fatigue after work and his developing of dyspnea while climbing the stairs are another clear indication that he has a left sided heart failure. Treatment for this condition includes drugs for hypertension as well as a procedure known as cardiac catheterization which is used in unblocking the heart arteries. The doctor is also likely to advise his patient to embark on a change in lifestyle where he is supposed to stop taking alcoholic substances, go soft on salt and also indulge in regular moderate exercises. Some of the medication likely to be administered includes Beta-blockers, Digitalis, Diuretics which include triamterene, furosemide, spironolactone, bumetanide

HUMAN SIMULATORS TO TEACH STUDENTS AND RNs Research Paper

HUMAN SIMULATORS TO TEACH STUDENTS AND RNs - Research Paper Example It shall first present a description of the topic selected. It shall also discuss why this topic was selected and how it involves informatics. It shall also discuss the impact of human simulators and how they improve or deter patient care, and how they improve or deter nursing education. This research is being carried out in order to conceptualize a thorough and comprehensive understanding of human simulators as a teaching aid. Discussion Human patient simulation (HPS) is a teaching method which â€Å"allows nurses and other clinicians to refine and apply their skills in realistic health care situations and participate in learning experiences tailored to their education needs† (Beyea and Kobokovich, 2004). Human patient simulation is a new technology which was borne out of the advancement in informatics and computer technology. This new technology uses computer life-sized mannequins which can formulate life-like situations which can be adjusted accordingly in order to comply w ith instructor’s educational goals (Pacsi, 2008). The very first human patient simulator was seen in the late 1950s and was known as Mrs. Chase; it was basically a model with a torso and a separate computer software (Herrmann, 1981). This model was used to assist nursing students in their physical assessment process. The Harvey Model was seen in the 1960s and it model was built with simulated heart and lungs; and it assisted students in distinguishing between normal and abnormal cardiopulmonary indications. A fully equipped computerized human simulator Sim One was then built in order to simulate endotracheal intubations in order to teach medical and graduate nurse anesthesia students (Gaba and DeAndra, 1988). The simulators which are now being used (MetiMan, Laerdal SimMan, and BabySim) are equipped with computer software and can be connected to laptops and desktop computers. Some of these models are able to speak and blink; they have chest walls which expand on inspiration a nd then relax on expiration; and they also exhibit programmable audible lung and heart sounds (Pacsi, 2008). They can be intubated and can receive bag and masks for ventilation. When these devices are plugged into monitors, teachers can then program the heart rates, pulse oximetry readings into these machines (Pacsi, 2008). These simulators can also be programmed to exhibit human-like responses to different diseases and to the reactions to interventions, including administration of IV meds, intubation, ventilation, and CPR. Computers have now been used in classrooms in order to manage communication and the gathering of knowledge. The current computer applications now offer features which help facilitate and support clinical learning (Pacsi, 2008). Colleges and universities have established simulation centers in order for students to practice and develop their technical skills and to develop their critical thinking, decision-making, delegation, and coordination skills. Simulations ar e technologies which have been made possible with the availability of technology-equipped mannequins (Pacsi, 2008). With the hands-on availability of these technologies, students have been exposed to different scenarios; moreover, these simulations can also present students with different situations they may meet during their clinical experience. In effect, the students are able to come up with treatments and interventions and

Week 7 into to Mang System Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Week 7 into to Mang System - Assignment Example This was due to the use of  physical form of delivery spending an excessive quantity of time and financial resources (Bidgoli, 2014). The corporation spotted the opportunity to enhance information delivery, eliminate errors, and significantly minimize the quantity of resources exploited. In order to alleviate the disagreement of the needless tapping of assets to continue the physical manner of distributing information, IAL acquired IBM Workplace Web content Management and IBM WebSphere Portal. These applications offer enterprise web portals that assist corporations distribute a highly-unique, social understanding for their consumers through single-point contact gates (IBM, 2014). According to Clinebell, Thomas, & Sedbrook (2012), IAL had sought knowledge management through the use of wiki systems, guaranteeing simplistic and faster collaboration and knowledge-sharing. Wikis, a web-oriented 2.0 technology, offered a collaborative impression in which data can be uploaded and edited as necessary for knowledge-sharing between employees within the corporation, and outwardly between trades and their stakeholders. They are vast collaborative systems that making project implementation easier with simply mapped networks of specialists on business-associated subjects and via knowledge-sharing of most excellent business activities. IAL has executed the wiki for the solution of working together with business associates in decision making and distribution knowledge with stakeholders. In addition, the wikis assist in communication with other workers on schemes of supply and marketing of the IAL product (Clark and Stewart, 2010). The first challenge that IAL could face when implementing groupware is the operational feasibility. With innovative implementations, there is a necessity to train users of the innovative groupware systems on ways to

Why did you choose Management as your course in college Essay

Why did you choose Management as your course in college - Essay Example This interest because well, I would like to be a boss someday! Who would not want to be a boss anyway? I believe I can be a boss because I know I have a good leadership skill which is required to become a boss. But of course I have to learn the science as well which the course Management will provide. The article succinctly explained what the Management course is all about. That it is â€Å"the coordination of human, material, and financial resources to accomplish organizational goals.† A major in business administration/management will provide that goal†. It was impressed to me that a Management major is about leadership and providing direction which I am really good at. Managers coordinate the resources of an organization from its human resource to its materials to achieve a certain objective of which I am very keen on doing in the future. I also checked on the skill sets required and I particularly liked Management because it encourages one to be a generalist than to be a specialist in order to be effective. It meant, knowing a little of something about a lot of things. The course, as the article explained, is a â€Å"thorough grounding in the theories and principles of accounting, finance, marketing, economics, statistics, human resources functions, and decision-making. You’ll come away a whiz on how to budget, organize, plan, hire, direct, control, and otherwise manage various organizations†.   I am very comfortable with this because it allows me to see the bigger picture of an organization and understand the various functions and relationships of various functions on how it relates to the objective of an organization. Being a generalist, Management majors I believe are easily employable. It is because their knowledge and skill sets are applicable to a lot of areas in an organization. The course involves understanding finance, human resources, leadership and including systems which I could easily fit in when I will be joining a n organization. This adaptability or easy employability is important especially today when jobs are getting rarer. This is course will give me an edge of being easily employed after I graduate college. In addition, Management course is also a good preparation to become a boss in an organization or even run my own business someday. It is because the training and education involved the various aspects of a company which is very applicable in real business. It is unlike other courses that we study which disinterests me because I do not find its use in the real world. The course Management is grounded on business reality and I am sure it will interest me when I am taking the course. The course will also teach me how to become smart in making and handling money which I believe is very important today. It is not enough just to have a job or business but it is also equally important to know how to handle one’s money and finances. I believe this practical skill and knowledge is part of the course Management which would teach me not only how to budget my money but also on how to reinvest them to make more money. Also, the need for Management is everywhere not only in the office or business setting. It can be used in daily life such as planning an event or a project. For example, Management can also be used in organizing parties. I believe there is one aspect in Management called Project Management which teaches students how to organize events and projects and this is very helpful not only in the work setting. The course will not only educate me on how to do a certain job in the

POINT CLOUD (technical report AND reflective report) Essay

POINT CLOUD (technical report AND reflective report) - Essay Example cept, the democratization and its expansion of the professionals in the AED field, and making it basic in the semantization quest of the digital mock-ups. In this case, it can be defined as both the methodology and the technology. It is a technology since it involves some digital representation of the functional and physical characteristics of the building. It can be considered being a methodology since it helps in the collaboration of different actors in various phases of the building life cycle. It is established on a number of architectural building information concerning components, building information, relations and characteristics between them while allowing all of them to enrich and complete the purely description of the digital mock-up through the association of the features that are semantic. The basic problem in architecture involves the fact that there is no efficient software that ensured the direct shift from the cloud points to the completely enriched CAD models, despite the fact that some software companies do propose new tools used in the exportation of the point of clouds. In essence, dedicated software has the ability of helping the semantically structured or efficiently segmented cloud poi nts of the historic buildings. The specificity of the historical component makes the task extremely difficult in order to construct an efficient digital representation of the historical buildings and is basic in analysing and understanding the whole chain moves from the one 3D point cloud acquired to semantically and well-structured enriched models. This process considers three key steps including the acquisition of data, enrichment of the 3D model, and segmentation of data. It is vital to highlight the BIM approach that starts to be largely used in the architecture field of design applied techniques to the available buildings, a concept referred to as the build BIM. The BIM process is made up of converting the geometry measurements and the appearance of the

Badly behaved pupils and parents put teachers off Essay Example for Free

Badly behaved pupils and parents put teachers off Essay Suggestions have been raised over the child benefits in United States. For example, Iain Duncan Smith’s suggested that child-related benefits should be limited to two offspring in a family. The fight against the child benefits aren’t justified as they are ill treated. The move should be encouraged as it has helped a good number of the families in the country, in addition limiting the benefit to only a handful (two) children in a family, it doesn’t really play the intended role in the society. Contrary to this, the government should be encouraged to continue with the child benefits program as it has been a gain to a big number of families. Despite the need to have family planning aspects among the people to control the number of children at each family, the child benefit from the government should still remain (Liz, 2014). Child benefit or better still child allowance is a social security payment distributed to parents, children or guardians which highly dependent on the number of children in a family. the child benefit has been effective in helping to support children from less advantaged families which has enables them access essential human needs such a education, food and such. The anti- child benefit campaigns should be shunned as the move is more beneficial to a good number of people and children in the society. Scrubbing the project would land more families especially the poor ones which cannot afford human basic wants. In other words it is the cash expenditure to families with kids not considering their parents income. The advantage amount may vary by the ordinal arrangement of the child, the age of the child, and/or the employment status of the parent. In addition to being of great benefit to the families and children, the benefit helps with extra cost to the families on the extra cost of children. The benefit also includes benefits for women who are pregnant or who have just given birth. The benefits are also helpful to partners whose partners have given birth, people who adopt, tax credits among other benefits. The benefit is essential when one has a responsibility for a child or a young person. In addition to child benefit, there is also the child tax credit. The benefit is also intertwined with the guardians allowances as well as both are meant to help children below the age of 18. The redeployment of income from childless households to families with children, in appreciation of the heavier financial weight incurred by child-rearing (Liz, 2014). Moreover, in order to enjoy the benefits of the child benefit, the benefiting families aren’t required to contribute any national insurance contribution and this in turn comes as gain to the poor families. In addition, the benefit isn’t offered to children who might be under the custody or in prison. In case of child death that was on the child benefit plan, the benefits continue to be given to the family for the next eight weeks. However, despite the benefit behind the child benefit payment, families should be encouraged to practice family planning in order to be able to raise the number of children whom they can comfortably support. The move is however, beneficial in case of calamities such as misfortunes and unemployment’s incase of the parents (Liz, 2014). The child benefit has been beneficial and should be maintained in order to keep boosting the upbringing of the children especially in the financially unstable family. In addition, when the parents loose their jobs they still have the chance to provide for their children, such as food and education. The benefit for the program is numerous and they outweigh the downside of the program. This program is one of the government programs for the grants to the people which have gone miles in assisting less fortunate families financially. A good number countries offer higher benefits levels or supplements for children with disabilities. Family allowances and child benefits are viewed as an instrument that can foster societal cohesion and progress and in turn should be maintained. The benefits also help in strengthening labor force attachments in the country and hence shouldn’t be abolished. Last and not the least, the benefit helps in supplementing the incomes of poor and modest income families with children as a means of reducing or preventing poverty. In conclusion, it’s clear that, the child benefit program is more beneficial to community, and in turn should be maintained. This means the anti-child benefit campaigns should be shunned as the program is of great help to the people. Article (II) Student Behaviour One of the driving forces behind the motivation of teachers in the school is the student behaviours. Badly behaved students are subject to putting off their teachers from the teaching profession. Teachers and school staff understands the changes encountered by students in school and provides them with relevant information and support needed. However, the dedication of the teachers and the staff depends much on the student behaviour and in most cases good behaved students encourages their teachers into the teaching profession. Contrary to this, badly behaved students and teachers are a discouraging factor to the teachers as they put them off from the teaching profession. It is ‘however’ true the student behaviour plays an important role in motivating and maintaining teachers into the profession. The survey is a true reflection of the teachers experience and the parent’s negligence in moulding their children’s behaviour (Jessica, 2014). ‘Badly behaved pupils and parents put teachers off’ was a survey conducted by Guardian Teacher Networks which shows that a good number of teachers have once in awhile considered quitting the profession. Student and parent’s behaviour are essential towards the teacher’s performance in schools. A good number of schools have issues in reference to student behaviours in recent years, which have become a vital problem in modern society. One of factors behind poor student behaviours is collapse of family functions such as divorced family, single parenthood, and children becomes isolated. This in turn leads to bad behaviour among parents and/or students, which de-motivates the teachers. According to the survey, it is clear that, the student or the pupil’s behaviours directly influence the performance of the teachers. Bad behaviour among parents and pupils would negatively influence the teachers and in turn them off from the work. Students who develop behavioural problems from their families are a discouraging aspect to the teachers. It is believed that, pupils/learns important skills and knowledge such as morals and wisdom, which are normally learned from their parents. The survey shows that, the student behaviour is one of the driving factors behind motivated and dedicated teachers (Jessica, 2014). One of the effects of bad student behaviour is that it interferes with individual and other learner’s behaviour. This turns to a challenge for the teacher, as the behaviour challenges day to day running and functioning of schools. In addition, the parents are not helping as much as they would in eradicating negative student and pupils behaviours, hence burdening the work of the teachers purporting them to consider leaving their jobs. Nowadays, the parents have become overprotective to their children. This has not helped at all in taming negative children behaviours and in turn, the burden is left to the teacher to mould the children’s behaviour. For example, an overprotected child expects special treatment at school is in for a frustrating time, which in turn may frustrate the teacher too. The frustration may overwhelm the teacher to a point of making the job dissertation choice. In addition, parents have developed negative expectations for their children which in turn instill negative or unruly behavior in children. From the survey conducted, it’s clearly evident that, If unruly behavior is not policed with proper boundaries and a culture of respect for authority at home, teachers cannot effectively implement discipline in the classroom. In addition to negative learner’s behavior, the interference from the government demands of the teacher. 50 % of the interviewed teachers named poor pupil behavior as the main reason behind them leaving the teaching job. The unwanted student behavior influences teachers attitude towards the teaching profession, and if the unruly behavior continues, it may force the teachers to quit the teaching job. Attitude provides a frame for reference for an individual’s conduct and conditions behavior. The creation of unfavorable attitude to the teacher, elicits a reaction of avoidance or aggression towards the job or the learners (Jessica, 2014). In conclusion, it’s clear that, student and parents behavior towards the teachers as well as in the school plays a vital role in molding the teachers. The study reveals that, teacher’s motivation into teaching profession is highly dependent on the children or the learner’s behaviors. The parents are making the scenario worse by failing to support the teachers in the in order to change the learner’s negative behavior into acceptable ones. These demands and the stress accompanying the works force the teacher to quit. The survey, however suggests that since its is disruptive children whose behavior is unchecked who miss out the most on their education. Thats why we want to make sure that teachers have more freedom to clamp down on persistently bad behavior without being hampered by bureaucracy, so that teaching time is not lost because of poor behavior, and in turn prevent a stressing profession to the teachers. This would go miles in improving both the teach ers and students performance in the school. References Liz Jones. You dont pay for my cats so why should I pay for your kids? Retrieved from: http://www.dailymail.co.uk/debate/article-2224260/LIZ-JONES-You-dont-pay-catsI-pay-kids.html. On Tuesday 1 April 2014. Jessica Shepherd, ‘Badly behaved pupils and parents put teachers off’ ’ badly behaved pupils and parents put teachers off: retrieved from http://www.theguardian.com/education/2011/oct/03/teaching-poll-behaviour. On Tuesday 1 April 1, 2014. Source document

An Exploratory Study on Consumer Decision-Making Behavior in Pakistan Essay Example for Free

An Exploratory Study on Consumer Decision-Making Behavior in Pakistan Essay For example, the classical schools of marketing thought relied on the social sciences such as economics, sociology and anthropology and focused on aggregate market behavior. This gave way to the managerial schools of marketing thought in which the focus of attention and understanding shifted to the individual customers while social sciences disciplines continued to dominate marketing thinking. Customer behavior is actually a study of consumer buying behavior. Consumer buying behavior tells about why, how, when and where a consumer wants to purchase a product. It tells about the buyer decision making process. (Janssens, 2006) It enlightens the uniqueness of a single consumer, how he makes decision to satisfy his wants. What references he may use in this process, such as family, friends, reference groups, and society in general. (Archana, 2009) Patrick De Pelsmacker conseders that consumers have to impose products in respect to Psychological behavior and needs which further alienated in Perception, Learning, Attitude, Personality, and Lifestyle. (Patrick J. 2007) Behavior of consumers in different part of Sahiwal city will be analyzed by using questionnaire method. This research will also give insight into Social influences regarding Family, Social class, Reference groups and Culture of consumers. (Brinkmann, 2004) This behavioral study will also enlighten on needs and wants in consumer buying behavior. The results will also show the consumers extent of loyalty, trust and satisfaction in retail brands that have a direct impact on their pur chase decisions. (Constantine, E, ; Rigopoulou) Consumer behavior is an integral part of our daily lives. The psychological and social processes involved in buying and consuming goods and services form the subject matter of this text. The objective positivist approach to studying cause and effect in consumer behavior (as in any other kind of behavior), will be combined with the interpretive emphasis on trying to understand the emotional, non-rational aspects of the process. The environment which the consumer operates in, including the nature of the market place for goods and services, also needs to be considered. Behavior of consumers in different part of Sahiwal city will be analyzed. This research will also give insight into Social influences regarding Family, Social class. This behavioral study will also enlighten on needs and wants in consumer buying behavior. The results will also show the consumers extent of loyalty, trust and satisfaction in retail brands that have a direct impact on their purchase decisions. Data should be collected from the target market and then will be analyzed through SPSS software.

Answers to Questions on Product and Service Design

Answers to Questions on Product and Service Design P7: Identify the key factors affecting the design of products or service of given organization and possible benefit to be gained from good design Factors Affecting Organizational Service Design Following are the factor mostly affecting the way an organization operates their services those are the following: Organization size The smaller the organization the lesser chance of a formal structure of that organization will be. Instead of following in small organization the individuals may simply perform tasks the way they want and whatever is required to them. There may be rules set by the firm just to provide guideline with the help of which members of organization can make decisions. As an organization develops, however, it becomes more difficult to manage the tasks without more formal structure of assigning tasks, or with delegating some of authorities to the lower hierarchy, and hence large firms produce specialized tasks and every work is done through proper guidelines and procedures. Organization life cycle Organizations tend to proceed and get progress through different stages which are called as a life cycle. Most firms go through the following stages: Birth: In this stage, a firm is just beginning their business operations. At this stage the firms hardly have a formal structure. We can not find much delegation of authority in the beginning stage of the firm. Youth: This is the phase in which firms try to grow the business. The focus of the firm in this stage is on becoming larger firm. The owner of the firm diverts its attention from satisfying his own wishes to satisfying wishes of the customers. During this phase there is a need for the firm to design more formal structure for operating their operations and some delegation of authority come into effect. Midlife: This is where the organization has achieved a fair level of success. A larger organization in this stage, have a more formal structure. The levels start increasing in their chain of command and the organization may find it to difficult to manage everything with control. Maturity: In this phase the organization reaches to maturity stage where their lack innovations and they are not usually interested in expanding their business. Their emphasis in this stage is more on increasing their profit and sustainability. Organizations in this phase are slowly moving toward decline and may feel the need to make necessary changes to revitalize. As firms tend to get bigger, the organizations experience more structural changes Strategy Strategy refers to a situation in which the way firm settle itself in the market place keeping in view their services or products. An organization may decide to be always the first to introduce the newest and best products in the market (differentiation of products strategy), or it will produce already established products in the market more cost effectively (cost-leadership strategy). Any of these strategies requires a structure that must fit the strategy. Environment The environment is the place in which the firm is operating, and the factors such economic conditions, social and cultural situation, law and order situation, technological position and natural environment condition influences the design of organizations Organization understand the demands of their customers very well in a more stable environment, and then firms try to satisfy those demands accordingly. That is the reason organization remains in the market for a long period of time. The customers demands keep changing in the opposite of stable environment and hence firms experience difficulty in satisfying them. In conclusion mechanistic organizational structure can be more beneficial for those operating in a more stable environment and hence this system increases the efficiency level of the organization which ultimately will improve their performance in the longer run. Technology Advancement in technology is the cause of change in the design of organizations because it helps organization in achieving higher efficiency level and help them in reducing their long term cost of production. The following are the form of latest technological production techniques: Batch Production Batch production is the process in which instead of manufacturing items individually, things are produced in batches. The manufacturing process takes place for each item at the same and batch of products or items are not shifted to another stage individually instead all batches are moved to the other stage of production when the each batch of items is completed. Mass Production Mass production is the process of manufacturing large amount of products in less time by utilizing time saving assembly. It helps a manufacturer to increase their worker per hour production and it also reduces the manufacturer labor costs of the final product. And then firms will be able to sell their products at lesser cost to attract more customers. Continuous Process Production In this system the manufacturers produce products by feeding the required raw materials continuously in a latest technological system. Such systems are operated by less labors, examples can be automated oil refineries and chemical factories. Advantages of a Good service or product designs: Firms can attract more customers by making more attracting products with good design and good services. Firms can better communicate with their customers through their good product or services designs. A good design makes a firms services or products more users friendly. It reduces the production costs of an organization and it enables them to gain better profit margin. As it reduces the costs of production therefore it helps an organization to gain competitive advantage over their rivals because they will be able to sell their services and products at lower price. Its objects are that Tasks should achieve all required outputs and be carried out at minimum cost in order to gain competitive advantage. P8: Explain the operational layout of the business/ department under consideration. Discuss the salient features of the layout? Operations Layout: The basic layout of an operation is usually determined by the choice of process organization. An efficient layout is one which minimizes total distance traveled by materials, customers or even staff. The frequency of journey should also be considered Features of the Layout: It enables higher utilization of space, materials and employees. It improves the flow of materials, information, and employees. It increase employees motivation levels and provide harmless working conditions. It improves customers interaction with the organization. It brings flexibility in the operations of the organization. Operations Layout of Pizza Hut: The layout of Pizza Hut is not that good in our point of view because an efficient layout must minimize total distance covered by the materials and customers. The ware house of Pizza Hut from where they get the raw materials of Pizzas is in Lahore which is far away from Peshawar and it takes time to reach Peshawar branch. The flow of information with their customers is very slow in a sense that when a customer call Pizza Hut toll free number for ordering Pizza, an operator sitting in Karachi takes their order who than later inform the Peshawar branch to deliver the pizza to a specific location. Usually it takes 50 mints to deliver Pizzas which is bad. The parking space outside the building is limited often than not customers face difficulties in finding space for their cars. The pollution coming out of their kitchen to the environment is limited but the pollution coming of their generators are not. Peshawar is still facing load shedding (Lack of electricity) as a result they get electricity for the dining hall and most importantly for running their machinery from huge generators which cause both noise and pollution. The Pizza Hut Peshawar branch is located far away from the most important place (Hayatabad) where most their potential customers are living and delivering Pizza to them also takes much time. M3: How does the operations layout of the firm influence performance of given organization. Mention its positive and negative influence? Operations Layout is all to do with the performance of any organization in this case Pizza Hut. A good layout will reduce their average total cost and can improve their well being among customers and vice versa. Every organization needs to set up their operations in such a way which can bring efficiency in their activities and help them in increasing their revenue and profits. Positive influences on Pizza Hut: If Pizza Hut reconsiders their Operations Layout and bring the required changes in it, it can have the following positive influences on their performance: A good operations layout will reduce the time usually taken by their raw material to reach Peshawar branch in this way they will be able for satisfy customers demands on time and they will not face material shortage due strikes, road blockage in other cities and hence their customers will be satisfied. If they improve their information system they will be able to receive customers order directly and they will be able to deliver Pizzas to their customers quickly than before this can bring efficiency in their activities and can improve their well being among customers. If they improve their parking space more customers will be able to park their cars at one time and hence more customers will visit Pizza Hut which ultimately will help them to get more revenue and profits. If they are some how able to control the pollution and noise than it will be considered as more environment friendly organization and it will help them in improving their well being and it will also help than to attract more customers and hence more revenue. All these points discussed above is the layout of Pizza Hut and if they able to improve their layout as discussed above it will have positive influences on their performance. Negative influences on Pizza Hut: If they continue their current Operations layout than it can have the following negative influences on their performance: The raw materials will take longer than required to reach Peshawar branch and it add more to their costs because the transport cost is expensive due to the recent raise in petrol and diesel prices. It can have negative influence on the delivery of Pizza to their customers because there is no direct operator line from Peshawar to the customers therefore it takes longer than required in delivering pizzas as a result customers can switch to nearby Pizza outlets to them like Arabian Chicks, Chief burger. Limited car parking space is the biggest constraint in attracting more customers therefore customers can have Pizzas from Chief Burger which has large parking area, ultimately it affects their performances. Lack of interaction between their customers and their staff can have adversely affects on the performance of Pizza Hut because staff will be demotivated and customers will feel they are not important to Pizza Hut. A bad layout will add more to the costs of production and affects the performance of Pizza Hut as a whole. D3: Propose operation layout for the given organization and discuss how it will be better for the organization. Before suggesting an efficient operation lay out , we would like to suggest certain points required to make an efficient Lay out only then Pizza Hut Peshawar will able to implement our suggested Lay out. Requirements for making a Good Layout: They need to understand the need of capacity and space requirements They need to select appropriate equipments for handling materials. They need to take proper decisions regarding environment and its improvement. They need to identify and understand the requirements for effective flow of informations. They need to identify the cost of moving between the many different work areas. Suggested Lay Out For Pizza Hut: Pizza Hutt Peshawar needs to get a ware house on rent in Peshawar and especially in a place near to the Peshawar branch. In this way they will be able to get raw materials in less time and they can store the remaining material back in the ware house. And they will be able to save much transport cost than before and they can use that money in improving their environment. They need to introduce an operator system in Peshawar as well who can receive the orders from the people of Peshawar and who have sufficient knowledge of the locations of Peshawar. In this way Pizza Hutt can receive orders quickly and then they will be able to deliver Pizzas in less time, it also improve their efficiency. They need to increase their parking space by contracting with army stadium officials regarding allowing their customers to park their cars there in this way more customers will come and their cars will be more safer. They need to control the pollution and noise coming out of their generator by making a separate covered place for their generator. They need to open new outlet in either university road where there biggest competitor chief burger is situated or in Hayat abad where there potential customers are living. This will help them in competing with their rivals and will also help them target their customers by either delivering them Pizzas in less time or by being easily accessible for those people. They need to improve their front desk for communication with their customers and handling their kitchen operations and for easy communication with their supporting staff (waiters, manager) to provide better services and environment for their customers. P9: Discuss the concept of job design, empowerment, and work measurement? Job Design: Work arrangement intended to reduce or overcome job unhappiness and lack of interest of employee resulting from boring and repetitive tasks. In job design, firms try to maximize productivity levels by providing non financial awards to their labor force such as increasing the challenge and responsibility of some employees work. Other techniques used in Job design are Job enlargement, job enrichment, job rotation which can be defined as: Job Enlargement: Job design technique in which the number of tasks attached with a job is increased (and provided an appropriate training) to add greater diversity to activities, thus reducing repetitiveness. Job Enrichment: In this organizations increase the number of tasks executed by their employees as well as they increase their responsibilities in order to make their work more challenging and interesting. Job Rotation: Job Rotation means employees are moved between two or more jobs in a designed way. The objective is to make the employees to face different experiences to increase job satisfaction. Empowerment: Empowerment is a concept which Involves delegating some authority to the process operators. In empowerment every individual team member must throw in to the business. In empowerment the lower most layers of management become unnecessary. Empowerment give chance of greater responsiveness lower employees do not have to acquire management consent for making some decision themselves.. It helps in Continuous improvement of the organization as employees will feel motivated and they will work all together for the success of the business. It helps organization to reduce the number of employee absenteeism. It gives greater motivation and flexibility to the employees. Work Measurement: Work Measurement is a method which shows how much time a job or part of the job needs to take to complete their tasks. There are different techniques use to measure individual works. Method Study: Method study is based on the principle that improvement should always stem from existing practice. The proposed working methods are usually feasible. To ensure feasibility a five stage methodology is used: Select: The area of activity to be studied is selected. Record: The activity is recorded in detail to keep a sample of task performance. Examine: the record is carefully analyzed, usually through some form of chart. The objective is to seek out areas of improvement. Improved procedures are developed out of analysis. These are then tested. Install: Revised procedures are installed. Manuals are written, staff is trained, new plant is obtained and installed and workplace layout is revised. Maintain: Problems can arise from changes. A presence is required to ensure that problems are dealt with promptly. P-10: Analyze the market of organization and select a capacity planning for the organization (nature of demand supply, volume variety, planning controlling) Outcome 4 Demand Supply The manager, prior to develop any plans for the food ordering, they observes the forecast of sales and expected upcoming events in the calendar. According to the Manager, they are placing order twice a month (15th 31st of every month). The unexpected orders can cause more demand of the product where as the availability of the ready to use product may be limited according to the expected demand for the shift. Therefore the variance in expected demand and actual demand can cause the shortage of the products and ultimately this can play around the one of the possible factors of the unhappy customer and can cause the variance in the productivity of the unit as over all. The demand can also increase because of the good weather, special occasions like sports, rituals, festivals, and purchasing power. According to the Manager of the unit, the demand for the food is high in the start of the month but that usually slow down in the end of the month due to the less availability of the funds with customers. Planning Controlling The operations at Pizza hut can not be highlighted for any of the single functional unit. Rather it is the collection of several set of the activities that take place with in the unit and make things possible by turning customer expectations into the reality. The success or the failure of the product depends on the performance of several functional units. Those functional units operate separately but connected with each other through the job activities. The preparations is the process of getting things ready, that will help to carry the out the operations in store. This involves activities like defrosting of dough, starters and cheese. So that can be used for the next day operations. If preparations for the following day operations is not up to the mark then that will cause difficulty or shortages of items that are necessary for the conversion process. The preparation is done on the basis of the next business day forecast. If the forecasted goods will not be made ready for the next day operations that will be virtually difficult for the next day shift manager to carry out the business operations. P-11: Identify different approaches of quality control used by company. Quality Control is a method of regular technical activities to measure as well as control the quality of the inventory as it is being developed so the Quality Control method is designed toward: Provide regular moreover consistent checks to guarantee data integrity, correctness along with fullness Identify and concentrate on errors as well as omissions Document and files inventory material and record all Quality Control activities. In order to maintain the product quality up to the standard, that is very important to follow the set rules for the product shelf life. Different ingredients used in the pizza making process, carry different shelf life. The taste and the quality highly determine on the freshness of the ingredients, and the resultant the happiness of the customers. According to the Manager of Pizza hut, If, there is variance observed in the product quality that will overall affect productivity and finally the customer satisfaction level so this is not acceptable at all. He added, if company is spending a huge amount of money on the product promotions and marketing activities that is for the business. And also company provides the training to the employee to how to maintain the product quality. So every single person should have to ensure the quality of the product and happy customer makes more return in the future. Total Quality Management (TQM) This is the key factor for a food chain like Pizza Hut. All the employees are at the back of the house i.e. the kitchen assistants are trained for that reason. They are given extra lessons to meet the quality standards set by Pizza Hut around the world. This strategy is essential in order to satisfy the CHAMPS (Cleanliness, Hospitality, Accuracy, Maintenance, Product, and Speed). This strategy is severely implemented in Pizza Hut in order to execute the quality standards. Different quality management team is also there at Pizza Hut. The shift managers have the charge to monitor whether the quality standards are met or not while there are a total quality management department at the main office in Karachi. This department has the duty to implement quality standards and also to know whether they are achieved or not. Moreover there are personnel by name of CR Specialist (fully trained employee for quality control), they are visiting Pizza Hut Peshawar once in a month, they just come inside the outlet just like a customer, and first of all he/she observes everything like from entering into Pizza Hut until the end when he ends up with Pizza. If he/she finds any drawback in any of activity then he/she will complain to the Head Office. P-12: Discuss various method of inventory planning. (Generally) Inventory Inventory in general refers to the materials in reserve. It is also called the idle resource of a firm. Inventories characterize those items which are either stocked for sale or else they are in the process of manufacturing otherwise they are in the form of materials which are nevertheless to be utilized. The intermission between receiving the purchased parts furthermore transforming them into final products vary from industry to industry depending upon the cycle time of manufacturer. Therefore it is necessary to hold inventories of different kinds to act as a buffer between supply and demand for competent operation of the organization. Hence a valuable control on inventory is a necessity for smooth and efficient operation of the production cycle with slightest interruptions. Inventory Control Inventory control is a designed approach of determining what to order, when to order, how much to order and also how much to stock consequently that costs associated with buying and storing are finest without interrupting production and sales well inventory control basically deals with two problems: When an order should is placed? (Order level) How much should be ordered? (Order quantity) These questions are answered by the employ of inventory models. The systematic inventory control method strikes the sense of balance between the loss due to non-availability of an item plus cost of carrying the stock of an item. Systematic inventory control aims at maintaining best possible level of stock of goods required by the business at minimum cost to the business. Objectives of Inventory Control To make sure adequate supply of products to customer moreover avoids shortages as far as achievable. To ensure that the financial investment in inventories is smallest amount (i.e. to see that the working capital is fruitless to the minimum possible degree). Well-organized purchasing, storing, utilization and accounting for materials are an important goal. To keep timely record of inventories of all the items plus to maintain the stock within the preferred limits. To make sure timely action for refill. To make available a reserve stock for variations in direct times of delivery of materials. To present a scientific base for both short-term as well as long-term planning of materials. Inventory Control Methods ABC analysis: In this study the categorization of existing inventory is based on annual consumption moreover the annual value of the items. Thus we get the quantity of inventory item consumed throughout the year and multiply it by unit cost to get annual usage charge. The items are then set in the descending order of such annual usage cost. The study is carried out by drawing a graph based on the cumulative number of items and cumulative usage of consumption cost HML analysis: In this study the categorization of existing inventory is based on unit price of the items. They are classified as high and medium price respectively and low cost items. VED analysis: In this study the categorization of existing inventory is based on criticality of the items. They are classified as vital, essential and desirable items as a result it is mainly used in spare parts inventory. FSN analysis: In this study the categorization of existing inventory is based consumption of the items. They are classified as fast moving, slow moving and non-moving items. SDE analysis: In this study the categorization of existing inventory is based on the items. GOLF analysis: In this study the categorization of existing inventory is based on sources of the items. They are classified as Government supply, normally available, local accessibility and foreign source of supply items. SOS analysis: In this study the categorization of existing inventory is based on nature of supply of items. They are classified like seasonal and off-seasonal items. For effective inventory control, combination of the techniques of ABC with VED or ABC with HML or VED with HML analysis is practically used. M-4: Explain the inventory planning of given organization (stock control method inventory control, cost benefit inventory control, supply chain management). Stock Control Method Inventory Control The manager, prior to develop any plans for the food ordering, they observes the forecast of sales and expected upcoming events in the calendar. According to the Manager, they are placing order twice a month (15th 31st of every month) well they are using two different freezers for carrying out their raw material. According to the Manager, he stated that they are using two types of freezers one is cold freezer and another one is dry freezer and temperature for both of them set accordingly. Cost Benefit Inventory Control The cost of sales and the sales revenue are the actual things that support the managers to run the business on track. If the numbers seems going out of the track they need be highlighted and called as variance. The variance is the difference between the Actual cost and Theoretical Cost. Head office set forecast and provide targets to the business stores. The targets are set with the help of previous year business performance and the expected events. That is called as theoretical cost. On the other hand the cost occurred in the business dates is the actual cost. So if there is any difference occurs that will be treating as variance. The cost of sales of the store for the current period shows the variance of 36.38 The theoretical cost set by management was RS/-297407.7 and in percentage 22.46% where as the actual cost for the period occurred was RS/302346 in percentage 22.83%. The results indicate the variance remained RS/4911.3. The variance in costing is the actual indicator of the performance. Higher the variance depicts higher the concerns persist with in the business unit. In present case in hand, the above depicted variance treated to be normal. The business operations can not work on the absolute set tracks because the forecasted things can not happen on the absolute behaviors as predicted. Supply Chain drivers of Pizza Hut Supply chain management is the factor that differentiates the winners and the losers in this business, drivers play an important role in terms of the responsiveness and efficiency. We must examine the cross-functional and logistical drivers of supply chain performance: transportation, sourcing and pizza and logistics. Transportation To deliver the base from the commissioners to different outlets the use the refrigerated trucks in which the base is kept and there is a control of temperature which they set according to the distance between the commissionaire and the outlets. There are 70 trucks to supply the base across Pakistan. There is also a vacant space in which extra base is kept to fill the demand of a particular store. The company will not acquire any additional transportation costs so long as the counters are along the highway or the trucks way. In this way they use their transportation and maintain their efficiency. Sourcing The Pepporine mozzarella cheese is imported from Australia and Spain respectively so it will take time an increased the cost also so they have to manage but on the other hand to compensate the increased cost they maintain the local supply chain to reduce the cost like vegetables, wheat, tomatoes are imported from Pakistan so they provide the world class facility and taste may importing its main ingredient from spain and Australia but other ingredients from local vendors. Pizza and logistics It is incorrect to conclude that successively a pizza chain is easy by looking its front-end operations compared to the complexities involved in organizing a supply chain the promise of pizza delivery within 30 minutes or else offering it free is a childs play for pizza chains. Supply chain management is the factor that differentiates the winners and losers in this business. The major imports for Pizza are cheese and olive oil. Pizza imported potatoes land at ports in Karachi or the Karachi airport. The consignment is then transported to other parts of the country while cheese is imported from New Zealand and chicken or bread is sourced locally. The inputs sourced from different places are supplied to the commissaries in reefers/refrigerated trucks for process as well as production of base material. The pizza dough as well as other items prepared in commissaries is then sent to the retail outlets again in reefers. Based on the distance between the retail outlets and the commissaries, the temperature inside the trucks is fixed so as to set the dough to a required level when it reaches the outlets. According to manager retail outlets have to exhaust the processed dough within three days of delivery. However, due to some reason if they fail to do so, the entire quantity is discarded. The existing commissaries and the reefers will be put to optimum use as Dominos Karachi is now opening counters in Pakistan State Oil Corporations petrol bunks. The company will not acquire any additional transportation costs so long as the counters are the highway or the trucks way. Responsiveness and Effic

Sex in Reality TV Essay -- Television Media Papers

Sex in Reality TV The Sex Factor on Survivor Survivor, one of the first successful reality shows, is a show that puts a selected group of people in a beautiful setting leaving them to fend for themselves within the two different teams. Every week the two teams compete for rewards and immunity before someone is voted off at the end of each episode. The shows main theme is how the different people interact with one another, and since the theme of the show is outwit, outplay, and outlast there is plenty of drama to go around on the show. After almost ten seasons the show can’t just rely on the same premise that the show has been using for the four years it has been on the air so the producers have to rely on something else, sex. Sex in the promotion, though subtle, is recognizable. For example the attire of the members in the game is very small, with most women in bathing suit tops and the men without shirts. Although the climate the show is placed in is typically very hot, the producers had a hand in choosing it, knowing very well what the contestants would be wearing to stay cool. Also when the show does the casting, very often most of the women and men that are chosen happen to be good looking with great bodies, which could spark nudity. Nudity on the Survivor show started in its first season. Richard Hatch the first winner of Survivor was known for walking around nude during the duration of the first season. In the recent all-stars season he brushed up against Susan, who also came out of the first season show, causing a heating argument between the two â€Å"Sue believed Richard Hatch sexually violated her during an Immunity Challenge† (e.g., Lewis, 2004, 3). In some Survivor promos they advertised the show by showing w... ... turns into ‘The Carnal Camera Show’. The San Diego Union Tribune. Retrieved October 7, 2004, from http://www.signonsandiego.com/uniontrib/20040926/news_1a26real.html MTV (August 31, 2004). Real World. 10:00pm-10:30pm. MTV (September 21, 2004). Real World. 10:00pm-10:30pm. MTV (October 19, 2004). Real World. 10:00pm-10:30pm Sex, Money & Videotape (2002 March, 3). from http://www.forbes.com/billionaires/free_forbes/2003/0317/088.html Belle, Laura (2004, 0ct 3) Brigitte's Just Loose! Reality Shack. Retrieved Octover 8, 2004 from www.realityshack.com/modules/articles/article.php?id=196 Abrego, C. (2004). the show. the surreal life. Retrieved November 3, 2004, from < http://www.thewb.com/Shows/Genericshow/0%2C11116% 2C146010%2C00.htm> WB(Season 2) . the surreal Life . 9/8 C http://www.cnn.com/2003/SHOWBIZ/TV/09/02/television.richmond.reut/

fairy tales :: essays research papers

Fairy Tales   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  I love to see Professional Dances, such as ballet and Riverdance. But what is even better is seeing dancers who aren’t professionals. I love going to see Dance Studios Dance Recitals. What I really like about them is that it shows up much people like to dance, but doesn’t show true talent. Not to long ago I attended Dave Ragnacci’s School of Dance recital, Fairy Tales. This play was set up as if every scene was a fairy tale story. When the curtain opened, it started, as the dancers were all different fairy tale characters, such as Sleeping Beauty, Cinderella, Snow White, ect. Not only did I like to watch it, but also I could see that other children did too because of the story of the recital.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Every scene was different for each number. In the beginning all the character pretended to be sleeping, until the music started and they all joined together for the dance called â€Å"Never Ending Story†. The song was perfect for the opening because fairy tales are never ending stories, everyone likes to listen to them, read them and tell them. The second scene was the story of Snow White. The dance was a ballet, and the second dance was modern, which is an upbeat type of ballet. When the witch came out and danced the perfect song came on, Dark Lady by Cher. The dancers danced on toe shoes and played tambourines.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  After that scene was over, the little 4 year old kids came out and act out the Snow White Scene. They were dressed as little dwarfs, all different colored costumes. They came out and danced with Snow White. They danced to â€Å"One Bad Apple† by Jackson 5.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The next scene was Jack and the Bean Stalk. This was a tap dance, which is my favorite. The main characters were Jack and his mother. The song that they danced to was â€Å"Hit the Road Jack† by Ray Charles. They 2 main dancers acted out the story of Jack and the Bean Stalk.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  After every story, the 4-year-old group would come out and either does tap, ballet or jazz dances. I think that the crowd loved them the most because they are so little up on stage, and its funny watching them because they tend to forget their dances very easily.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The next 2 scenes were Cinderella and Humpy Dumpty. These 2 scenes were mixed into 2 dances. fairy tales :: essays research papers Fairy Tales   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  I love to see Professional Dances, such as ballet and Riverdance. But what is even better is seeing dancers who aren’t professionals. I love going to see Dance Studios Dance Recitals. What I really like about them is that it shows up much people like to dance, but doesn’t show true talent. Not to long ago I attended Dave Ragnacci’s School of Dance recital, Fairy Tales. This play was set up as if every scene was a fairy tale story. When the curtain opened, it started, as the dancers were all different fairy tale characters, such as Sleeping Beauty, Cinderella, Snow White, ect. Not only did I like to watch it, but also I could see that other children did too because of the story of the recital.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Every scene was different for each number. In the beginning all the character pretended to be sleeping, until the music started and they all joined together for the dance called â€Å"Never Ending Story†. The song was perfect for the opening because fairy tales are never ending stories, everyone likes to listen to them, read them and tell them. The second scene was the story of Snow White. The dance was a ballet, and the second dance was modern, which is an upbeat type of ballet. When the witch came out and danced the perfect song came on, Dark Lady by Cher. The dancers danced on toe shoes and played tambourines.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  After that scene was over, the little 4 year old kids came out and act out the Snow White Scene. They were dressed as little dwarfs, all different colored costumes. They came out and danced with Snow White. They danced to â€Å"One Bad Apple† by Jackson 5.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The next scene was Jack and the Bean Stalk. This was a tap dance, which is my favorite. The main characters were Jack and his mother. The song that they danced to was â€Å"Hit the Road Jack† by Ray Charles. They 2 main dancers acted out the story of Jack and the Bean Stalk.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  After every story, the 4-year-old group would come out and either does tap, ballet or jazz dances. I think that the crowd loved them the most because they are so little up on stage, and its funny watching them because they tend to forget their dances very easily.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The next 2 scenes were Cinderella and Humpy Dumpty. These 2 scenes were mixed into 2 dances.

The Bloomsbury Group Essay -- History People Authors Essays

The Bloomsbury Group The Bloomsbury Group consisted mainly of family, colleagues, and friends who shared ideas in writing and painting. "Bloomsbury" signified a group of people who were close in friendship as well as in talent. The Bloomsberries, who were known as the Bloomsbury Group, spent a tremendous amount of time together. Each individual attempted to contribute valuable ideas to one another’s individual works. Two of the most important aspects of the Bloomsberries were Literature and Art. All members of this circle of intellectuals were vastly incorporated with both of these aspects as well as a few others. The most well recognized writer of this group was Virginia Woolf. "The Bloomsbury Group is a popular collective designation for, a number of English intellectuals prominent in the first quarter of the 20th century, all of whom were individually known for their contributions to the arts or to the social science" (www.funkandwagnall.com/encyclopedia/low/articles/b/6003001758.html). Bloomsbury is a residential and academic district in London. "Bloomsbury" began shortly after the death of Sir Leslie Stephen in 1904" ( Johnstone 3). Leslie Stephen with the help from the Victorians basically prepared a passage for "Bloomsbury" to come about. The death of Sir Leslie Stephen was basically how the Bloomsberries finally came out into the open. "Leslie Stephen’s life, which neatly straddled Victoria’s reign, was an epitome of a facet of the intellectual life of that era" (Johnstone 3). The Bloomsberries and the Victorians were quite diverse in their style of art. The Bloomsberries rebelled against the Victorians. "It is a polemic against the Vic torian establishment and its culture- that culture which Bloomsbury believed ha... ...hroughout all of that she achieved great accomplishments as her life went on. The Bloomsbury Group will always be remembered to many people that have a love for literature. Works Cited http://kvtr.elte.hu/csoport/ago/eng.html http://metalab.unc.edu/cheryb/women/virginia-woolf.html http://www.bloomsburyart.com/list.htm http://www.cwrl.utexas.edu/%7evfores/sorian03.html http://www.funkandwagnall.com/encyclopedia/low/articles/b/6003001 758.html http://www.helicon.co.uk http://www.jefferson.village.virginia.edu/elab/hf10225.html http://www.online-library.org/fictions/kew-gardens.html Johnstone, John Keith. The Bloomsbury Group; a study of E.M. Forster, Lytton Strachey, Virginia Woolf, and their circle. New York: Noon Day Press, 1954. Marcus, Jane. Virginia Woolf and Bloomsbury. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, c1987. The Bloomsbury Group Essay -- History People Authors Essays The Bloomsbury Group The Bloomsbury Group consisted mainly of family, colleagues, and friends who shared ideas in writing and painting. "Bloomsbury" signified a group of people who were close in friendship as well as in talent. The Bloomsberries, who were known as the Bloomsbury Group, spent a tremendous amount of time together. Each individual attempted to contribute valuable ideas to one another’s individual works. Two of the most important aspects of the Bloomsberries were Literature and Art. All members of this circle of intellectuals were vastly incorporated with both of these aspects as well as a few others. The most well recognized writer of this group was Virginia Woolf. "The Bloomsbury Group is a popular collective designation for, a number of English intellectuals prominent in the first quarter of the 20th century, all of whom were individually known for their contributions to the arts or to the social science" (www.funkandwagnall.com/encyclopedia/low/articles/b/6003001758.html). Bloomsbury is a residential and academic district in London. "Bloomsbury" began shortly after the death of Sir Leslie Stephen in 1904" ( Johnstone 3). Leslie Stephen with the help from the Victorians basically prepared a passage for "Bloomsbury" to come about. The death of Sir Leslie Stephen was basically how the Bloomsberries finally came out into the open. "Leslie Stephen’s life, which neatly straddled Victoria’s reign, was an epitome of a facet of the intellectual life of that era" (Johnstone 3). The Bloomsberries and the Victorians were quite diverse in their style of art. The Bloomsberries rebelled against the Victorians. "It is a polemic against the Vic torian establishment and its culture- that culture which Bloomsbury believed ha... ...hroughout all of that she achieved great accomplishments as her life went on. The Bloomsbury Group will always be remembered to many people that have a love for literature. Works Cited http://kvtr.elte.hu/csoport/ago/eng.html http://metalab.unc.edu/cheryb/women/virginia-woolf.html http://www.bloomsburyart.com/list.htm http://www.cwrl.utexas.edu/%7evfores/sorian03.html http://www.funkandwagnall.com/encyclopedia/low/articles/b/6003001 758.html http://www.helicon.co.uk http://www.jefferson.village.virginia.edu/elab/hf10225.html http://www.online-library.org/fictions/kew-gardens.html Johnstone, John Keith. The Bloomsbury Group; a study of E.M. Forster, Lytton Strachey, Virginia Woolf, and their circle. New York: Noon Day Press, 1954. Marcus, Jane. Virginia Woolf and Bloomsbury. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, c1987.

Computers in the Lives of People Essay

In modern times, technology has greatly affected how people live. The advancement of technology has brought great improvement to all sectors like business, medicine, entertainment and a lot more. It is undeniable that it has increased productivity and efficiency in how people work. One of the vital products of technology is the computer. It is very evident how computers changed the way of life. Work becomes easier with the help of the computers. Data and information can be stored easily. Large numbers can be calculated and can be accounted immediately. Instant communication is possible through electronic mails. Research is easier and faster with the help of the computer. There is also an easy access for all business transactions. Computers play a significant role in the school system as well. They help students to learn more efficiently and help them do their work. Computers offer the Internet which help students research information for projects they may have. School computers also offer programs which can help anyone learn. Computers have proven extremely beneficial to students with certain speech, audio, and motor limitations. Students with special needs can use alternative input and output devices to interact with computers and do things that they normally could not accomplish independently. Further, computers also make writing and doing homework easier to complete. With spell check and other spelling tools, it makes it easier and faster to complete work. This is because you are not spending all your time going through your homework looking for spelling mistakes, because the computer automatically does it for you, making your life easier. These are just few of the reasons why computers are very important to us. On the other hand using computers has several disadvantages. The screens destroy eyes even with a low radiation screen. Many people complain for that issue, because then they have to pay for oculists and wear glasses. And students also skip studying and got a low grade. The research project aims to know the advantages and disadvantages of computers in Health and Studies.

Dbq Essay Crickets and Politics

The relationship between cricket and politics is clearly portrayed in South Asia from 1880 to 2005 through the easing of the tension between different caste members, although the tension eased was not always from a religious aspect between the Pakistanis, Indians, and the British. The different problems that arose in South Asia was mostly class or caste systems (Docs 2, 3, 4), rivalry (Docs 1, 6, 10), and religious tensions (Docs 5, 7, 8, 9) against the different countries and cricket teams. Cricket in many ways was a unifying force for the different classes in India as well as the relationship between Britain and India.As seen in Document 2, an Indian cricketer was invited to â€Å"†¦ join the Sussex team,† which was a team from England. This shows some equality between the British and the Indians because the British typically saw the Indians as lower than them in standards. However, this paper could have left some things out and used as a source of propaganda seeing tha t it was published by a British newspaper. (POV) This connection between the British and the Indians can also be seen in Document 3 because in the opinion of an English cricketer and historian, he felt that â€Å"Cricket unites the rulers and the ruled. The ruler in this case was Britain and the ruled was India. Cricket was said to be one of the most â€Å"†¦ civilizing influences,† and the one that did â€Å"†¦ least harm,† because rather than making the Indians grief over the fact that they were not an independent country, they gave them the sport of cricket, a source of happiness, moral training, and more. A sense of equality can be seen in Document 4 between the different castes in India. A lower caste Hindu was allowed to be on a team just because he was good at cricket.The other team members took him into the team and ignored the fact that they weren’t from the same caste. This is a very important example of unity because in history, different c aste systems were never allowed to mix. For example, a lower caste woman could not marry a higher caste man. Accepting a lower caste Hindu in a higher caste cricket team is a turn in history. Even though cricket was a very uniting force, it was also the cause of rivalry throughout India. Cricket was a sport brought to India by the British and the Indians were pretty grateful towards the British for bringing cricket.However, what they were not grateful for was the fact that the English would play polo on cricket grounds, as said in Document 1. Document 1 states that â€Å"†¦ more than five hundred young men of all ages and of all castes pursue this healthful sport on the Parade ground where alone they are permitted to play and which is the only ground suitable for cricket. † The Indians were arguing to the governor of the province of Bombay, India that the English were ruining the turf that they were playing cricket on by playing polo. They requested that the English shou ld play somewhere else and not on their turf.Furthermore, shown in Document 6, the Indians felt that when they â€Å"†¦ defeated the European teams of Calcutta†¦ ,† that it was the only time they were playing on the same level as the English. Fair and square. Usually, the British would have the authority potential wise, but the game of cricket evened it all out because when you play a sport, you can’t win by support, but by skill. Document 10 showed another example of rivalry. The chairman feels that Cricket is a sport that can bring people together and makes people ignore the fact that there are problems with water and etc.However, he’s not one to say these things. Cricket has brought Indians and Pakistanis together in so many ways, just like the chairman said, â€Å"We share culture. We share a history. We share so much. † Lastly, cricket played an important role in the religious tensions between the Indians and Pakistanis or the Hindus and Mu slims. Muhammad Ali Jinnah said in Document 5 that he hopes that the game of cricket teaches the different religious sides to unite and not fight about who won the game or lost the game. He believes that cricket â€Å"†¦ has many lessons to teach in other walks of life. This showed that although the religious tension was so great that they had to make two different countries for each religious side, they could still embrace the fact that they both share a common interest, cricket. In Document 7, an editorial in the Indian sports journal, they said that the purpose of the Quadrangular Tournament, a big cricket competition, has changed over the years due to some â€Å"†¦ self-seeking leaders,† who wanted to gain ends by stirring up religious fanaticism. They have turned the sport of cricket into a sport of religious rivalry.However, this editorial still agrees with the fact that cricket â€Å"†¦ did not harm. † This was an â€Å"editorial† so this article must have been very biased in their opinions on this subject. Having opinions in an article is a very powerful force because some opinions can move people and change their thoughts and ideas about something into something different. (POV) Mohandas Gandhi, the leader of the Indian independence movement and the voice of Document 8 also agrees with Document 7. Gandhi believes that having the Tournaments between religions is ridiculous.He says that if the Tournaments were between colleges and institutions, he could understand, but to have the Tournaments be between Hindu, Parsi, Muslim, and other religious teams is not understandable. Segregating teams by religion gave no way for competition to stir up. The game just became more of a religious movement. Document 9 shows a clear sense obvious religious tension. The Hindus feel that they are the superior religion and when the Hindus lose a game of cricket, the Muslims should not be celebrating but mourning for the Hindus’ l oss.I feel that this is very biased because it was written by the founder of a Hindu nationalist organization and it is a very selfish statement as well. Cricket should be a fair game and each side has their own choice of mourning or celebrating. The Hindus should not have to be the judge on who can celebrate and who can be sad. (POV) I feel that it would be helpful if there were two extra documents explaining the cricket and politics connection even more in depth.One of the documents should be from a lower- caste cricket player and the other one should be from a higher-caste cricket player because most of the documents given were from a high status point of view. They were all newspapers, organizations, or high-class leaders. Giving the input from a lower-caste would give us an input on how they felt about the whole class situation in cricket. Did they think it was fair? Did they feel as if they were being treated equally or were they still looked down upon? The other document from the higher-caste cricket player would give insight on how they felt about the lower-caste playing on their teams.How did they feel about it? Do they feel like they betrayed their caste system or was it still the same? In conclusion, cricket was not only a unifying sport between Indians-Pakistanis and Indians-British, it was also a sport that caused some rivalry and religious tensions. All sides had equal chance in winning the sport and for once, the British wouldn’t have to start at the top, which gave the Indians a sense of nationalism and independence in a way. Cricket gave these sides a different way of expressing their rivalry between each other instead of bloodshed.