The Delaware River essays

The Delaware River essays The Delaware River and the Calima Lake are the two places that make me feel so happy when I remember the moments I have spent there with members of my family and friends. While my family and I were going to the Lake, we appreciated a variety of nice views, we saw field crops, farms, country houses, farm animals, etc. The driving time to the Calima Lake took approximately one and a half hours from home. Although, both places bring me very good memories, we enjoyed more driving to the Calima Lake. The driving time to the Delaware River is almost the same as the one to the Calima Lake with the difference that the views are much less enjoyable. We only saw mountains and edifications. The Calima Lake had recreation centers and very comfortable hotels near it where we were able to stay at, unlike the Delaware River there are not these types of facilities. The Calima Lake winds make it the best place in Colombia for the practice of water sports like windsurfing and water skiing. The Lake is even used for tournaments and international competitions. On the other hand, at the Delaware River boating and fishing are the only sports allowed. People from different places including tourists from different countries visited the Calima Lake to attend the windsurfing competitions and also for recreation purposes. Similarly, at the Delaware River many people visit that place looking to spend a whole day recreating and having fun. Finally, these places are really beautiful and nice, because they provide an enjoyable and relaxing day to all their visitors. ...

An Overview of the Process of Balkanization

An Overview of the Process of Balkanization Balkanization is a term used to describe the division or fragmentation of a state or region into smaller, often ethnically similar places. The term can also refer to the disintegration or break-up of other things such as companies, Internet websites or even neighborhoods. For the purposes of this article and from a geographic perspective, balkanization will describe the fragmentation of states and/or regions. In some areas that have experienced balkanization the term describes the collapse of multiethnic states into places that are now ethnically similar dictatorships and have undergone many serious political and social issues such as ethnic cleansing and civil war. As a result, balkanization, especially with regard to states and regions, is typically not a positive term as there is often much political, social and cultural strife that takes place when balkanization occurs. Development of the Term Balkanization Balkanization originally referred to Europe’s Balkan Peninsula and its historic break-up after control by the Ottoman Empire. The term balkanization itself was coined at the end of World War I following this break-up as well as that of the Austro-Hungarian Empire and the Russian Empire. Since the early 1900s, Europe, as well as other places around the world, have seen both successful and unsuccessful attempts at balkanization and there are still some efforts and discussions of balkanization in some countries today. Attempts at Balkanization In the 1950s and 1960s, balkanization began occurring outside of the Balkans and Europe when several British and French colonial empires began fragmenting and breaking up in Africa. Balkanization was at its height in the early 1990s however when the Soviet Union collapsed and the former Yugoslavia disintegrated. With the collapse of the Soviet Union, the countries of Russia, Georgia, Ukraine, Moldova, Belarus, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan, the Kyrgyz Republic, Tajikistan, Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania were created. In the creation of some of these countries, there was often extreme violence and hostility. For example, Armenia and Azerbaijan experience periodic war over their borders and ethnic enclaves. In addition to violence in some, all of these newly created countries have experienced difficult periods of transition in their governments, economies, and societies. Yugoslavia was created out of a combination of over 20 different ethnic groups at the end of World War I. As a result of differences between these groups, there were friction and violence in the country. Following World War II, Yugoslavia began to gain more stability but by 1980 the different factions within the country began fighting for more independence. In the early 1990s, Yugoslavia finally disintegrated after around 250,000 people were killed by war. The countries eventually created out of the former Yugoslavia were Serbia, Montenegro, Kosovo, Slovenia, Macedonia, Croatia and Bosnia and Herzegovina. Kosovo did not declare its independence until 2008 and it is still not recognized as fully independent by the entire world. The collapse of the Soviet Union and the disintegration of the former Yugoslavia are some of the most successful but also the most violent attempts at balkanization that have taken place. There have also been attempts to balkanize in Kashmir, Nigeria, Sri Lanka, Kurdistan, and Iraq. In each of these areas, there are cultural and/or ethnic differences that have caused different factions to want to break away from the main country. In Kashmir, Muslims in Jammu and Kashmir are trying to break away from India, while in Sri Lanka the Tamil Tigers (a separatist organization for the Tamil people) want to break away from that country. People in the southeastern part of Nigeria declared themselves to be the state of Biafra and in Iraq, Sunni and Shiite Muslims fight to break away from Iraq. In addition, Kurdish people in Turkey, Iraq, and Iran have fought to create the State of Kurdistan. Kurdistan is currently not an independent state but it is rather a region with a mostly Kurdish population. Balkanization of America and Europe In recent years there has been talk of the balkanized states of America and of balkanization in Europe. In these cases, the term is not used to describe the violent fragmentation that occurred in places like the former Soviet Union and Yugoslavia. In these instances, it describes potential divisions based political, economic and social differences. Some political commentators in the United States, for example, claim that balkanized or fragmented because it is special interests with elections in specific areas than with governing the entire country (West, 2012). Because of these differences, there have also been some discussions and separatist movements at the national and local levels. In Europe, there are very large countries with different ideals and opinions and as a result, it has faced balkanization. For example, there have been separatist movements on the Iberian Peninsula and in Spain, particularly in the Basque and Catalan regions (McLean, 2005). Whether in the Balkans or in other parts of the world, violent or not violent, it is clear that balkanization is an important concept that has and will continue to shape the geography of the world.

A comparison between Biolegia PLC and Sleepeasy chain of hotels Essay

A comparison between Biolegia PLC and Sleepeasy chain of hotels - Essay Example This is referred to as organization structure (Schein, 2010). Each and every organization can be structured in its own way depending on how it aims to achieve its set out objectives (Alvenson, 2002). The purpose of the organizational structure is to ensure a standard of operation upon which the organization can rely on as its employees execute their duties (Keyton, 2002). The structure also dictates who is able to participate in what kind of decision making activity thus affecting the organization. This paper aims at looking at two different organizations and their structures. The paper will compare the structures of the two organizations in terms of their approach to team work, their structure and design and lastly the cultures in the organization. Objectives 1. To compare approaches to teamwork by structures of two different organizations 2. To compare organizational structures and designs of two different organizations 3. To compare cultures in two different organizations Comparis on of approaches to teamwork and team working Looking at the two case studies above, it can be revealed that there is a big difference in the way Biogenia Plc and Sleepeasy chain of hotels approaches the issue of teamwork among its employees. In the case of Biogenia, teamwork is encouraged among its employees right away from the time they are recruited into the company to the time they are released into the field to go and represent its interests in various countries. Biogenia employees people of different nationalities to work for them in a particular station as seen by 20 people of different nationalities working for the company and also the team that was sent to develop a pesticide in South Africa. On the other hand, Sleepeasy chain of hotels has been found not have encouraged the spirit of diversity, and in any given hotel, people of the same ethnic group are found to be working there in large numbers. Biogenia employs people who have expertise knowledge in different fields such as Biology, chemistry and Information technology then distribute them to work in different departments within the company. The benefits of this include the fact that employees are able to cope with each other on a personal basis, and hence their experience is brought together for the good of the organization (Frost, 1991). There are also other activities within the organization that serve to ensure that the spirit of teamwork is maintained e.g. going to a gym that has been subsidized by the company and sparing time to have fun when on company like the one in South Africa. The productivity of the company is also enhanced by people who are qualified to do a job that entails different tasks; the firm has been able to bring together different professionals to work for it hence creating a team that is powerful in execution of its duties. Sleepeasy has not keenly embraced the issue of diversity in its recruitment procedures thereby coming up with a team that works towards a common goal h as been difficult. The hotel employs people of the same ethnic group in every country that it operates in and hence streamlining employees with the organization’s goals has been a bit difficult. The company also lacks activities that can encourage a spirit of teamwork among its employees and has gone as far as not being able to recognize trade unions. The operation pattern within the organization encourages a spirit of individualism because each employee is treated as an individual, hence employees do not work as a team in achieving companies goals objectives. The company does not organize meetings of employees on a regular basis like Biogenia to monitor the progress that has been made by each

Assignment 2 Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Assignment 2 - Article Example The Four Seasons Hotel and Resort provides the quarterly report for all the stakeholders as a means of reporting their performance. Through this report, the company tries to let its shareholders know how they have performed for the past time. The key matrixes provided are meant to compare the company’s performance presently with the previous year’s performance. After making their comparison, investors can therefore begin to gauge the financial credibility of the company (Weygandt and Jerry 32). This determines for the investors whether or not the company deserves their investment. The company provides the report to show to their stakeholders such things like; their earnings per share, their net income as well as their earnings from continuing net sales and operations. The report also demonstrates to the investors that they are really achieving their goals by displaying the present cost of each share and the profits obtained. The investors aim at making investments in a performing company. This is therefore demonstrated through the quarterly report of the company. According to the report, one region shows a greater performance of financial growth than the others. Each region’s financial growth is determined by several factors. Management in each region is one of the key factors that would determine the financial growth of the region. Poor management of funds would lead to the regions failure in achieving its set goals for their financial growth. The availability of stable investors would as well contribute to the financial growth rate of a region. If there are poor investors who invest small amounts of funds with the company, the company is likely to register low growths in its resources. High demand would also contribute to high growth rates. If the company has marketed its opportunities well, it attracts more investors. The region would register high financial growths in the regions where labor and cost pressures are relatively low. Safety of a region may also determine the financial growth rate of a particular company. In a place of high crime rates, the financial growth is lower while it is highest in regions of high security. Group meetings did not improve in the quarter while Las Vegas market was exceptional. This was because January and February are not strong months for business or groups and meetings demand. Cost management and revenue improvements increased while there was the continued pressure on profit margins as a result of higher cost mainly relating to worker’s compensation Health care insurance and energy. Groups and meeting were therefore considered unnecessary by many stakeholders. Lack of much commitment to working on them resulted to the lack of improvement (Weygandt and Jerry 34). Incentive fees increased by twenty five percent in the first quarter as compared to the previous time and were attributable to an improvement in gross profits at the properties under management in all regions. The increase could be as a result of more consultants who required ideas and information on improving their programs due to lack of demands during the months of January and February. This did not make the bottom line for all four seasons Hotel due to the changing demand by investors. â€Å"Other income† is the income generated from activities that are not carried out in the normal course of the company’

New Law :: essays research papers

CBS) Attorney General John Ashcroft denounced Tuesday's Supreme Court ruling that overturned a law banning computer simulations and other fool-the-eye depictions of teen-agers or children having sex, saying it would make prosecutions more difficult. Where possible, he said, the Justice Department will restructure prosecutions it has brought to pursue "general obscenity charges against those who have victimized children." Child pornographers "will find little refuge" in the decision, he said. "We will continue to use whatever resources we can to identify and prosecute child pornography cases to the fullest extent of the law." Ashcroft also said that he was eager to work with Congress to revise the law. Youthful sexuality is an old theme in art, from Shakespeare to Academy Award-winning movies, the court found in striking down the 1996 child pornography law on free speech grounds. The law would call into question legitimate educational, scientific or artistic depictions of youthful sex, Justice Anthony M. Kennedy wrote for a 6-3 majority. "The statute proscribes the visual depiction of an idea — that of teen-agers engaging in sexual activity — that is a fact of modern society and has been a theme in art and literature throughout the ages," Kennedy wrote in a decision joined by four other justices. Clarence Thomas, one of the court's most conservative justices, wrote a separate opinion agreeing with the outcome. The court invalidated two provisions of the Child Pornography Prevention Act as overly broad and unconstitutional. Free speech advocates and pornographers had challenged the law's ban on material that "appears to be" a child in a sexually explicit situation or that is advertised to convey the impression that someone under 18 is involved. Another section of the law was not challenged, and remains in force. It bans prurient computer alteration of innocent images of children, such as the grafting of a child's school picture onto a naked body. CBS News Correspondent Bob Orr reports the adult entertainment industry, which led the challenge, hailed the decision as a victory for free speech. "The creators of art who can now safely deal with the important topic of teenage sexuality without fear of the most severe possible government sanctions," said Jeffery Douglas of the Free Speech Coalition. Justices John Paul Stevens, David H. Souter, Ruth Bader Ginsburg and Stephen G. Breyer signed Kennedy's opinion. Thomas, in a separate concurring opinion, said the court's ruling appropriately strikes down a ban that was too sweeping but leaves a window for future regulation of some kinds of virtual child pornography.

Eu Law Synopsised Judgment of Marshall Essay

The case of Marshall v Southampton and South West Hampshire Area Health Authority (Teaching) (Marshall (No.1)) [1986] 1 C.M.L.R. 688 arose in the United Kingdom. It concerned a Miss Marshall who had been employed as a Senior Dietician with the Southampton and South West Hampshire Area Health Authority (Teaching) from the 23rd of May 1974 until her dismissal on the 31st of March 1980, that is to say four weeks after she reached the age of 62. Since 1975 the Southampton and South West Hampshire Area Health Authority (Teaching) had a written policy of that in general, its female employees should retire at 60 while its male employees should retire at 65. The policy stated that â€Å"the normal retirement age will be the age at which social security pensions become payable†. The policy was an implied term of Miss Marshall’s employment contract. Miss Marshall’s employers waived this general policy in the case of Miss Marshall. If her employers had not done this, then s he would have been dismissed on the 4th of February 1978 (upon reaching the age of 60) but was in fact employed until the 31st of March 1980 (four weeks after she reached the age of 62), therefore her employer waived they’re general retirement policy in respect of Miss Marshall for two years. The applicable pension legislation in the United Kingdom at the time of the dismissal stated that men were eligible to receive a state pension at the age of 65 and that women were to receive state pensions from the age of 60 (Section 27 (1) of the Social Security Act 1975). However this legislation does not impose any obligation to retire at the age at which the state pension becomes payable and when a person continues in employment after the date when their state pension becomes payable, the payment of the pension is deferred. According to the order of reference, the sole reason for the dismissal of Miss Marshall was the fact that she was a woman who had passed the retirement age applied by her employer to women. In view of the fact that she suffered financial loss consisting of the difference between her earnings as an employee of her employer and her pension and also since she lost the satisfaction she got from her work, Miss Marshall instituted proceedings against her employer in the Industrial Tribunal. She contended that â€Å"her dismissal at the date and for the reason indicated by her employer which was that she was a woman who had passed the retirement age applied by her employer to women constituted discriminatory treatment by her employer on the grounds of sex and ,accordingly, unlawful discrimination contrary to the Sex Discrimination Act and Community law†. Her claim was dismissed by the industrial tribunal as it was based on the â€Å"infringement of the Sex Discrimination Act 1975, since section 6(4) of that Act permits discrimination on the grounds of sex where it arises out of ‘provision in relation to retirement’ ; the Industrial Tribunal took the view that the employers general policy constituted such provision† but her other claim that the principle of equality of treatment laid down by directive 76/207 had been infringed was upheld by the industrial tribunal. Miss Marshall appealed this case to the Employment Appeals Tribunal and they upheld the decision of the Industrial Tribunal as regards that the claim was based on the infringement of the Sex Discrimination Act 1975, since section 6(4) of that Act permits discrimination on the grounds of sex where it arises out of ‘provision in relation to retirement but in relation to the second question, the Employment Tribunal set aside the question of whether the dismissal violated the principle of equality of treatment laid down by Directive 76/207, because although it did violate directive 76/207, the Employment Appeals Tribunal said that an individual could not rely on an infringement of a directive before a United Kingdom Court or Tribunal. Miss Marshall appealed the decision of the Employment Appeal Tribunal to the Court of Appeal of England and Wales. The Court of Appeal stated that Southampton and South West Hampshire Area Health Authority (Teaching) was â€Å"constituted under section 8(1)A(b) of the National Health Service Act 1977 and was therefore an â€Å"emanation of the State†Ã¢â‚¬ . The Court of Appeal of England and Wales referred two questions to the Court of Justice for a preliminary ruling, for an interpretation of European Union law. These questions were; 1. Whether the dismissal of Miss Marshall after she was sixty and on the grounds that she was a woman who had passed the retirement age applied by the Southampton and South West Hampshire Area Health Authority (Teaching) to women was discrimination which was prohibited by the Equal Treatment Directive 76/207. 2. If the answer to question one is yes, can the Directive 76/207 be relied upon in this case in national courts or tribunals in spite of the fact that there may be inconsistencies between the Directive and section 6 (4) of the Sex Discrimination Act 1975. The appellant (Miss Marshall) and the European Commission considered that the first question must be answered in the positive. The appellant argued that the said age limit falls within the term â€Å"working conditions† within the meaning of articles 1 (1) and 5 (1) of Directive 76/207. Furthermore the appellant argues that the discrimination on the grounds of sex is one of the main reasons for having fundamental human rights and therefore the general principles of EU community law, and the exceptions to these principles must be interpreted strictly, moreover the exception provided for in Article 7(1) of Directive 79/7 is not relevant. The respondent (Southampton and South West Hampshire Area Health Authority (Teaching)) maintains as regards the first question, that the laying down of different ages at which you can compulsory terminate a contract just reflects the minimum ages stated by the State Social Security Scheme in the U.K. The respondent also considers that the state pension does not fall under directive 76/207 but is an aspect of social security and therefore falls under the directive 79/7 in which member-states can impose different ages to entitlement. The Court of Justice decided on the first question that the directive it fell under was Directive 76/207 as the question it was referred concerns the fixing of an age limit as to when to terminate employment following a general policy of dismissal. The question therefore relates to the conditions and rules governing dismissal. The court further stated that Article 5 (1) of Directive 76/207 provided that men and women are entitled to equal treatment in working conditions which includes conditions governing dismissal meaning that men and women are guaranteed the same working conditions without discrimination on grounds of sex. Following a policy of compulsory dismissing workers even if they get a retirement pension still falls under the term â€Å"dismissal†. The Court summed up the answer to the first question in saying that article 5 (1) of Directive 76/207 must be interpreted in meaning that having a policy whereby you dismiss a person for the reasons being that she is a women who has reached the age of qualifying for a state pension, when the age is different for men as it is to women, constitutes discrimination on the grounds of sex, contrary to Directive 76/207. The Court of Justice realised that since the answer to the first question was yes, then it is necessary to consider whether the appellant can rely on Directive 76/207 specifically Article 5 (1) of that directive in national courts and tribunals (Direct Effect). The appellant stated in their argument that â€Å"directives are capable of conferring rights on individuals which may be relied upon directly before the courts of the member-States; national courts are obliged by virtue of the binding nature of a directive, in conjunction with Article 5 of the EEC Treaty, to give effect to the provisions of directives where possible, in particular when construing or applying relevant provisions of national law†. The appellant also stated that articles 2 (1) and 5 (1) of Directive 76/207 was sufficiently clear to let the courts apply them, a view which the commission shared with the appellant. The respondent stated in its argument that the directive should not have direct effect as directives can never impose obligations on individuals and that it can only confer obligations on a member state in its capacity as a public authority and not as an employer and finally it would be improper to put persons employed by the state in a better position than those employed by a private employer. The respondent also stated that the articles in Directive 76/207 were not clear and unconditional enough to give rise to direct effect. In answering the second question, the Court of Justice stated that it does not matter whether the state is an employer or a public authority when an individual is relying on a directive against a member state in legal proceedings. This is necessary to prevent the state taking advantage of its own failure to comply with community law. The Court of Justice stated that the articles in the Directive 76/207 are sufficiently precise and clear in that they prohibit â€Å"any discrimination on grounds of sex with regard to working conditions, including the conditions governing dismissal, in a general manner†. Where a state fails to implement a directive by the end of the time period given, and if the provisions of the directive are unconditional and sufficiently precise, the Court of Justice ruled that the directive may be relied upon against the state, because otherwise it would not be compatible with Article 189’s binding nature on directives. The Court of Justice answered the second question in saying that Article 5 in Directive 76/207 which â€Å"Prohibits any discrimination on grounds of sex with regard to working conditions, including the conditions governing dismissal may be relied upon as against a state authority acting in capacity as an employer†. The Advocates General’s opinion concurred with the judgement of this case. The legal significance of this case is that an individual may only rely on a directive in a national court when suing a public body but the term public body has been given a wide interpretation by the European Court of Justice. Although Direct Effect was founded originally in the Case 26/62,Van Gend en loos [1963] ECR 1, in the Marshall case we have just looked at, the vertical nature of the directive meant that Marshall could take advantage of it, although an employee in the private sector would not have been able to. This would seem to give public sector employees an unfair advantage over their private sector counterparts, but this glitch in EU law was fixed by the subsequent Case 14/83 Von Colson & Kamann v Land Nordrhein-Westfalen which established the doctrine of Indirect Effect which is a mechanism of effectively using indirect means, to give a directive horizontal effect for all employees. Bibliography Cases 1. Judgement of Marshall v Southampton and South West Hampshire Area Health Authority (Teaching) (Marshall (No.1)) [1986] 1 C.M.L.R. 688 ——————————————– [ 1 ]. Judgement of Marshall v Southampton and South West Hampshire Area Health Authority (Teaching) (Marshall (No.1)) [1986] 1 C.M.L.R. 688 page 3, line 11. [ 2 ]. Judgement of Marshall v Southampton and South West Hampshire Area Health Authority (Teaching) (Marshall (No.1)) [1986] 1 C.M.L.R. 688 page 11, line 37. [ 3 ]. Judgement of Marshall v Southampton and South West Hampshire Area Health Authority (Teaching) (Marshall (No.1)) [1986] 1 C.M.L.R. 688 page 11, line 36. [ 4 ]. Judgement of Marshall v Southampton and South West Hampshire Area Health Authority (Teaching) (Marshall (No.1)) [1986] 1 C.M.L.R. 688 page 11, line 51. [ 5 ]. Judgement of Marshall v Southampton and South West Hampshire Area Health Authority (Teaching) (Marshall (No.1)) [1986] 1 C.M.L.R. 688 page 15, line 37 [ 6 ]. Judgement of Marshall v Southampton and South West Hampshire Area Health Authority (Teaching) (Marshall (No.1)) [1986] 1 C.M.L.R. 688 page 17, line 2. [ 7 ]. Judgement of Marshall v Southampton and South West Hampshire Area Health Authority (Teaching) (Marshall (No.1)) [1986] 1 C.M.L.R. 688 page 17, line 19.

Cumplir Conjugation in Spanish, Translation, Examples

The Spanish verb cumplir means to fulfill or accomplish. It is a regular -ir verb, so it is conjugated using the same patterns as verbs like conseguir  and escribir. In this article you will find tables with cumplir conjugations in the indicative mood (present, past, future), the subjunctive mood (present and past) and the imperative mood (commands). You will also find other verb forms, including the present and past participles. Using the Verb Cumplir The verb  cumplir  is used in several different contexts. It can mean to achieve or to accomplish, as in  Tengo que cumplir mis metas  (I have to achieve my goals). It can also mean to fulfill, as in  Espero que cumpla su promesa  (I hope he fulfills his promise) or  Ella siempre cumple su parte del trato  (She always fulfills her part of the deal). A very common use of the verb  cumplir  is to talk about birthdays. When we talk about turning a certain age or having a birthday in Spanish, we talk about  cumplir aà ±os, which essentially means to finish another year, or to fulfill another year. For example, we say  Este mes Ana cumple 10 aà ±os  (This month Ana is turning 10 years old). From this verb we derive the popular noun  cumpleaà ±os  (birthday). Cumplir Present Indicative Yo cumplo I fulfill Yo cumplo mis promesas. T cumples You fulfill T cumples tus metas profesionales. Usted/l/ella cumple You/he/she fulfills Ella cumple su sueo de ser doctora. Nosotros cumplimos We fulfill Nosotros cumplimos las rdenes del jefe. Vosotros cumpls You fulfill Vosotros cumpls vuestros objetivos. Ustedes/ellos/ellas cumplen You/they fulfill Ellos cumplen con sus obligaciones. Cumplir Preterite  Indicative There are two forms of the past tense in Spanish, the preterite and the imperfect. The preterit tense is used to talk about completed actions in the past. Yo cumpl I fulfilled Yo cumpl mis promesas. T cumpliste You fulfilled T cumpliste tus metas profesionales. Usted/l/ella cumpli You/he/she fulfilled Ella cumpli su sueo de ser doctora. Nosotros cumplimos We fulfilled Nosotros cumplimos las rdenes del jefe. Vosotros cumplisteis You fulfilled Vosotros cumplisteis vuestros objetivos. Ustedes/ellos/ellas cumplieron You/they fulfilled Ellos cumplieron con sus obligaciones. Cumplir Imperfect  Indicative The imperfect tense is used to talk about ongoing or habitual actions in the past. It can be translated as was fulfilling or used to fulfill. Yo cumpla I used to fulfill Yo cumpla mis promesas. T cumplas You used to fulfill T cumplas tus metas profesionales. Usted/l/ella cumpla You/he/she used to fulfill Ella cumpla su sueo de ser doctora. Nosotros cumplamos We used to fulfill Nosotros cumplamos las rdenes del jefe. Vosotros cumplais You used to fulfill Vosotros cumplais vuestros objetivos. Ustedes/ellos/ellas cumplan You/they used to fulfill Ellos cumplan con sus obligaciones. Cumplir  Future  Indicative Yo cumplir I will fulfill Yo cumplir mis promesas. T cumplirs You will fulfill T cumplirs tus metas profesionales. Usted/l/ella cumplir You/he/she will fulfill Ella cumplir su sueo de ser doctora. Nosotros cumpliremos We will fulfill Nosotros cumpliremos las rdenes del jefe. Vosotros cumpliris You will fulfill Vosotros cumpliris vuestros objetivos. Ustedes/ellos/ellas cumplirn You/they will fulfill Ellos cumplirn con sus obligaciones. Cumplir Periphrastic Future  Indicative The periphrastic future is formed with the present tense conjugation of the verb  ir,  followed by the preposition  a,  and then the infinitive of the verb. Yo voy a cumplir I am going to fulfill Yo voy a cumplir mis promesas. T vas a cumplir You are going to fulfill T vas a cumplir tus metas profesionales. Usted/l/ella va a cumplir You/he/she is going to fulfill Ella va a cumplir su sueo de ser doctora. Nosotros vamos a cumplir We are going to fulfill Nosotros vamos a cumplir las rdenes del jefe. Vosotros vais a cumplir You are going to fulfill Vosotros vais a cumplir vuestros objetivos. Ustedes/ellos/ellas van a cumplir You/they are going to fulfill Ellos van a cumplir con sus obligaciones. Cumplir Conditional  Indicative Yo cumplira I would fulfill Yo cumplira mis promesas. T cumpliras You would fulfill T cumpliras tus metas profesionales. Usted/l/ella cumplira You/he/she would fulfill Ella cumplira su sueo de ser doctora. Nosotros cumpliramos We would fulfill Nosotros cumpliramos las rdenes del jefe. Vosotros cumplirais You would fulfill Vosotros cumplirais vuestros objetivos. Ustedes/ellos/ellas cumpliran You/they would fulfill Ellos cumpliran con sus obligaciones. Cumplir Present Progressive/Gerund Form To form the present participle or gerund form of Spanish verbs, you must add the ending -ando  to  -ar verbs  or -iendo to  -er and -ir verbs. Since cumplir is an -ir  verb, the gerund is cumpliendo. One of the uses of the present participle is to form the present progressive. Present Progressive of  Cumplir  està ¡ cumpliendo   She is fulfilling  Ella està ¡Ã‚  cumpliendo su sueà ±o de ser doctora. Cumplir Past Participle To form the past participles of regular verbs, you must add the ending  -ado  to  -ar  verbs and -ido  to -er  and  -ir  verbs. One of the functions of the past participle is to  form compound tenses, such as the  present perfect  and the pluperfect.   Present Perfect of  Cumplir  ha cumplido   She has fulfilled  Ella  ha cumplido  su sueà ±o de ser doctora. Cumplir Present Subjunctive The conjugations for the present subjunctive are obtained by starting with the  yo  conjugation of the present tense (cumplo), dropping the o, and then adding the subjunctive endings.   Que yo cumpla That I fulfill Carlos espera que yo cumpla mis promesas. Que t cumplas That you fulfill Karina espera que t cumplas tus metas profesionales. Que usted/l/ella cumpla That you/he/she fulfill Daniel espera que ella cumpla su sueo de ser doctora. Que nosotros cumplamos That we fulfill Aurora espera que nosotros cumplamos las rdenes del jefe. Que vosotros cumplis That you fulfill Enrique espera que vosotros cumplis vuestros objetivos. Que ustedes/ellos/ellas cumplan That you/they fulfill Patricia espera que ellos cumplan con sus obligaciones. Cumplir Imperfect  Subjunctive There are two options for conjugating the imperfect subjunctive. Depending on regional or stylistic differences, speakers may choose one or the other, but they are both correct. Option 1 Que yo cumpliera That I fulfilled Carlos esperaba que yo cumpliera mis promesas. Que t cumplieras That you fulfilled Karina esperaba que t cumplieras tus metas profesionales. Que usted/l/ella cumpliera That you/he/she fulfilled Daniel esperaba que ella cumpliera su sueo de ser doctora. Que nosotros cumpliramos That we fulfilled Aurora esperaba que nosotros cumpliramos las rdenes del jefe. Que vosotros cumplierais That you fulfilled Enrique esperaba que vosotros cumplierais vuestros objetivos. Que ustedes/ellos/ellas cumplieran That you/they fulfilled Patricia esperaba que ellos cumplieran con sus obligaciones. Option 2 Que yo cumpliese That I fulfilled Carlos esperaba que yo cumpliese mis promesas. Que t cumplieses That you fulfilled Karina esperaba que t cumplieses tus metas profesionales. Que usted/l/ella cumpliese That you/he/she fulfilled Daniel esperaba que ella cumpliese su sueo de ser doctora. Que nosotros cumplisemos That we fulfilled Aurora esperaba que nosotros cumplisemos las rdenes del jefe. Que vosotros cumplieseis That you fulfilled Enrique esperaba que vosotros cumplieseis vuestros objetivos. Que ustedes/ellos/ellas cumpliesen That you/they fulfilled Patricia esperaba que ellos cumpliesen con sus obligaciones. Cumplir Imperative   The imperative form is for giving direct orders or commands. Therefore, there are no imperative forms for  yo,  Ãƒ ©l/ella,  or  ellos/ellas.  Also, as shown in the tables below, the positive and negative commands are different for the  tà ºÃ‚  and  vosotros  forms. Positive commands T cumple Fulfill! Cumple tus metas profesionales! Usted cumpla Fulfill! Cumpla su sueo de ser doctora! Nosotros cumplamos Lets fulfill! Cumplamos las rdenes del jefe! Vosotros cumplid Fulfill! Cumplid vuestros objetivos! Ustedes cumplan Fulfill! Cumplan con sus obligaciones! Negative commands T no cumplas Dont fulfill! No cumplas tus metas profesionales! Usted no cumpla Dont fulfill! No cumpla su sueo de ser doctora! Nosotros no cumplamos Lets not fulfill! No cumplamos las rdenes del jefe! Vosotros no cumplis Dont fulfill! No cumplis vuestros objetivos! Ustedes no cumplan Dont fulfill! No cumplan con sus obligaciones!